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Cognitive Science
The interdisciplinary study of the mind, using various disciplinary means to understand its nature and functions.
Behaviorism
A psychological approach that focuses on observable behaviors and disregards inner mental processes.
Psychological Behaviorism
The view that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior and not on mental states or inner experiences.
The Cognitive Turn
A shift in psychology that emphasizes cognitive processes, moving away from behaviorist approaches.
Representation
Mental entities that stand for or symbolize objects, events, or situations in the external world.
Information-Processing Model
A cognitive framework that likens the human mind to a computer, processing information through various stages.
Consciousness
The state of being aware of and able to think about one’s own existence, thoughts, and surroundings.
Mind-Body Dualism
The philosophical viewpoint that mind and body are distinct and separable substances.
Eliminative Materialism
The theory that common-sense psychological concepts like beliefs and desires do not exist and will eventually be eliminated from our understanding of the mind.
Emergent Cognition
The concept that cognitive processes arise from complex interactions within systems beyond the brain.
Social Cognition
The processes by which people understand and make sense of others in social contexts.
Nonhuman Minds
The study of cognitive processes in nonhuman species and artificial agents.
Conditioning
A learning process in which behaviors are modified through reinforcement or punishment.
Positive Reinforcement
The process of strengthening a behavior by providing a rewarding consequence.
Objective Behavior
Actions that can be observed and measured by multiple observers.
Subjective Experience
An individual’s personal perspective or internal experience, often not directly observable.
Cognitive Science's Origin
Cognitive Science emerged in the 1950s as a reaction against behaviorism, focusing on understanding mental processes.
Quantifying Representations
The idea of measuring and systematically studying mental representations to develop a science of the mind.
Empirical Inquiry
The process of studying something using evidence and observation according to the scientific method.
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