Unit 2 Nutrition and Chapter 13: Species Comparison

What are the six nutrients of animal diets?

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

What is the resting energy rate (RER) formula?

RER (kcal) = 70 × (Weight in kg^0.75).

The maintenance energy requirement (MER) for the typical dog is usually the RER.

twice

What are the factors that influence palatability of pet foods?

Odor, texture, nutrient content, and habit.

AAFCO stands for _.

Association of American Feed Control Officials.

What are the three major volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced in the rumen?

Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.

Percent dry matter is calculated as Final weight × 100 ÷ Initial weight. Fill in the blank: Percent dry matter = Final weight × ____ ÷ Initial weight.

100

Slug feeding in dairy cattle can cause rumen acidosis due to rapid grain intake that lowers rumen pH. True or false?

True

Ketosis in high-producing dairy cattle is caused by energy deficit leading to elevated NEFAs and ketones; treatment involves providing glucose or glucose precursors.

Ketosis is caused by insufficient glucose leading to ketone production; treatment provides glucose or precursors.

Why is a balance of energy and protein important in ruminant diets?

To maximize rumen microbial growth and production of microbial protein and VFAs.

What is rumen bypass protein (RUP)?

Protein that escapes rumen degradation and is digested in the abomasum.

What does TMR stand for in cattle feeding?

Total Mixed Ration; all feed ingredients are blended to provide a balanced diet.

Laminitis in horses is inflammation of the hoof laminae; what common practice can contribute to it?

Grain overload, obesity, or toxins such as black walnut shavings.

Cats require arginine and taurine in the diet and cannot synthesize niacin or vitamin A from beta-carotene; what does this imply about cat nutrition?

Cats must obtain these essential nutrients directly from their diet; unlike dogs.

Body Condition Score (BCS) in pets describes fat coverage over the ribs and waist; ideal score is around 3 on a 1-5 scale.

BCS assesses fat and body condition; ribs palpable but not visible; waist present.