Solution
A mixture of solute and solvent, such as salt water or sugar water.
Concentrated solution
A solution with a high amount of solute.
Dilute solution
A solution with a low amount of solute.
Osmosis
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane until both sides have nearly the same concentration.
Water potential
The measure of the ability to lose or gain water; higher water potential means higher ability to lose water, and lower water potential means higher ability to gain water.
Isotonic
When two solutions have equal water potential.
Hypotonic
A dilute solution with a high water potential, causing it to lose water.
Crenate
The shrinking of animal cells.
Lyse
The bursting of animal cells.
Turgid
In a plant cell, it means swollen or distended due to water absorption, making the cell firm and rigid.
Flaccid
In a plant cell, it refers to a state where the cell lacks turgor pressure and becomes limp or wilted due to a loss of water.
Plasmolyzed
When a plant cell loses water and shrinks due to water moving out of the cell.
Hypertonic
A concentrated solution with a low water potential, causing it to gain water from another solution.