Lect 1: foundations of anatomy

larger structures, easily observable

gross anatomy

microscopic structures, need microscope to see

microanatomy

study of cells

cytology

study of tissues

histology

study of anatomy affected by disease

pathology

study of disordered physiological processes that cause, result from or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury

pathophysiology

study of the structure of the body

anatomy

study of how the body parts function

physiology

organ system:

• protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temp

• contains organs such as skin, hair follicles, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors, subcutaneous layers, etc

integumentary system

organ system:

• supports and protects tissue

1. stores minerals

2. forms blood cells

3. contains bones, ligaments, bone marrow, etc.

skeletal system

organ system:

• allows for locomotion

• provides support

• produces heat

• contains skeletal muscles, tendons & aponeuroses

organ system:

• directs immediate response to stimuli usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems

• includes CNS (Brain + spinal cord) & PNS (everything else)

nervous system

organ system:

• transports cells and dissolved materials including nutrients, wastes, and gases

• includes heart, blood vessels, & blood

cardiovascular system

organ system:

• defends against infections & disease

• returns tissue fluid to the blood stream

• includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

lymphatic system

organ system:

• delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air & circulating blood

• produces sound

• includes nasal cavity, sinus, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli