Module 1 Intro to Motor Speech Disorders

motor speech disorders

speech condition resulting from a neurologic impairment resulting in 1or more difficulties in motor planning, motor programming, neuromuscular control, initiation, and execution of speech

dysarthria

most prevalent

group of neurologic speech disorders involving 1 or a combination of speech processes: respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, prosody

respiration

breathiness, carries sound, vibrates vocal cords

phonation

making sounds in vocal cords

articulation

sounds in oral cavitiesr

resonance

oral cavity

project voice based on where sound is contained and where it comes out

prosody

rhythm, stress, intonation

dysarthria results from

damage to CNS and PNS- muscle control disturbances as a result

always evidenced by some degree of- weakness, slowness, discoordination, and/or alteration of muscle tone (too much or too little)

apraxia of speech

neurological speech impairment

inability to plan or program intentional sensory-motor commands result in phonetically and prosodically abnormal speech production

intentional movements- tell her to do it, tries to do it but doesn’t work, interruption of connection

disorders - what we look at

neuroanatomy and physiology- biomechanics

perceptual properties- standards for SLP

acoustic properties

site of lesions

neurological diagnoses

pathophysiology

course of disorder

onset

recovery- stable, transient, chronic, improving, progressive

neuromuscular features terms

strength/force of movement

timimg

speech requirements

cognitive communication processes

motor speech planning and programming processes

neuromuscular initiation and execution- accuracy and speed, motor skill flexibility, improvement with practice, automatic control

motor theory

relationship between- phonological targets and vocal tract shapes, consistent muscle activity and vocal tract shape

motor equivalence theory

no 1 to 1 relationship b/w phonological targets and vocal tract shapes

variety of similar behaviors result in groups of behaviors we perceive as “the same”

motor equivalence adaptive control theory

capacity to achieve goals for movement in alternate ways

intentional variations within the vocal tract can produce equivalent end products- reduces demand for absolute, promotes positive change in perception, MSDs need to be treated as an interactive whole, analysis of single measure results in insensitivity to larger picture