alkaloids

Ephedrine, Colchicine, Mescaline

nitrogen in some alkaloids is not in a heterocyclic ring like: __

colchicine, piperine, quaternary alkaloids

some alkaloids are not basic like ___

alkaloids

are cyclic organic compounds containing nitrogen in a negative state of oxidation with limited distribution among living organisms.

caffeine

alkaloids decomposes with heat except __

Mercuric Potassium Iodide

Mayer’s Reagent

Potassium Bismuth Iodide

Dragendorff’s Reagents

Potassium Cadmium Iodide

Marme’s Reagent

a- Mayer’s Reagent

b- Dragendorff’s Reagents

c- Gold Chloride

d- Marme’s Reagent

Reagents that form double salts:

Wagner’s Reagent

Reagents Containing Halogens

Iodine in Potassium Iodide.

Wagner’s Reagent

a- Hager’s Reagent

b- Tannic Acid

Organic Acid preciptating agents

Picric Acid

Hager’s Reagent

a- Sonnenschein’s Reagent

b- Scheibler’s Reagent

c- Silicotungestic Acid

Oxygenated High Molecular Weight Acids precipitating agents:

Phosphomolybdic acid

Sonnenschein’s Reagent

Phosphotungestic acid

Scheibler’s Reagent

1- Froehd’s Reagent

2- Marqui’s Reagent

3- Mandalin’s Reagent

4- Erdmann’s Reagent

5- Mecke's Reagent

6- Shaer's Reagent

7- Rosenthaler's Reagent

8- Conc. HNO3

color reagents

Phosphomolybdic acid

Froehd’s Reagent

Formaldehyde/ Conc. H2SO4

Marqui’s Reagent

Sulphovanidic acid

Mandalin’s Reagent:

Conc. HNO3/Conc. H2SO4

Erdmann’s Reagent:

Selenious acid / conc. H2SO4

Mecke's Reagent

Hydrogen peroxide / conc. H2SO4

Shaer's Reagent:

Potassium arsenate /conc. H2SO4

Rosenthaler's Reagent:

true (typical alkaloids)

derived from amino acids and have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring.

Protoalkaloids

that are derived from amino acids and do not have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring. e.g Ephedrine

Pseudo – alkaloids

are not derived from amino acids but have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring. e.g Caffeine

False alkaloids

are non alkaloids give false positive reaction with alkaloidal reagents.

Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Papavereacea

Families rich in alkaloids:

Rosaceae, Labiatae

Families free from alkaloids:

alkaloids

They are, in certain cases, the final products of detoxification.

betalain alkalodis

pigment alkaloids

lycopodium alkaloids

restricted to club mosses

pyridine alkaloids

also referred to as pyrrolizidine alkaloids

sodium hydroxide

morphine is soluble in ___ (due to phenols)

sodium hydroxide

codeine is precipitated by __

indole alkaloids

These are found in Ergot & Nux Vormica

strychinine and brucine

2 important alkaloids of nux vormica

hypertension

use of Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot)

CNS depressant - used for migraines

use of Gelsemium sempervirens

protoalkaloids

alkaloid-like amines

purine alkaloids

Also known as non-alkaloids (xanthines)

theophylline

relaxes involuntary muscles more effectively than caffeine or theobromine

purple

A __ colour is derived from caffeine and other purine derivatives (murexide test).

Head drop dose

least amount of drug capable or producing muscle relaxation so the head of the animal drop in a characteristic manner.

Opium

Stone of Immortality

Thalleioquin reaction ( Br2 TS ,NH3 TS) = emerald green.

Cinchona is identified by __ reaction