TOS - IOS Psychology

BLEPP

Framework for analyzing organizational efficiency.

Functional Principle

Division of labor into specialized units.

Scalar Principle

Chain of command grows with organizational levels.

Unity of Command

Each subordinate reports to one superior.

Line Functions

Primary responsibilities for achieving organizational goals.

Staff Functions

Support line activities, less critical than line functions.

Span-Of-Control Principle

Number of subordinates a manager supervises.

Large Span-of-Control

Produces flat organizational structures.

Small Span-of-Control

Produces taller organizational structures.

Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor's approach to improve efficiency.

Classical Organizational Theory

Focuses on economic reasons for organizational existence.

System of Differentiated Activities

Linked activities within an organization.

Cooperation Toward a Goal

Unified purpose in achieving common objectives.

Authority in Organizations

Ensures cooperation among individuals toward goals.

Right Structure

Optimal organization design for achieving objectives.

Organization as a Machine

Pragmatic view focusing on effective operation.

Scientific Principles

Applied to enhance work behavior and productivity.

Planning of Work

Achieves efficiency, standardization, specialization, simplification.

Productivity Improvement Benefits

Should be allocated to workers.

Elimination of Physical Stress

Aims to reduce anxiety in the workplace.

Worker Capability Development

Enhancement through training and skill development.

Traditional Boss Concept

Should be replaced for better management.

Value Creation in Organizations

Process of transforming inputs into outputs.

Division of Labor

Specialized job positions with distinct responsibilities.

Delegation of Authority

Supervisors assign tasks and hold employees accountable.

Span of Control

Number of subordinates reporting to a supervisor.

Top-Down Organization

Hierarchical structure with centralized decision-making.

Scientific Approach Principles

Hierarchy, specialization, predictability, rationality, democracy.

Taylorism

One best way to perform tasks efficiently.

Administrative Management

Focus on job specialization and standardization.

Time and Motion Studies

Analysis of work conditions affecting productivity.

Scientific Selection

Careful selection of workers for efficiency.

Management-Labor Cooperation

Collaboration between management and employees.

Bureaucracy

Organizational structure to improve productivity.

Formal Hierarchy

Clear authority levels within an organization.

Impersonality in Bureaucracy

Decisions based on logic, not emotions.

Efficiency in Organizations

Reduction of inefficiencies in operations.

Underemployed

Working outside one's field of specialization.

Employed

Working in one's chosen field.

Unemployed

No work available for an individual.

Administrative Theory Elements

Line and staff, committee, management functions.

Specialization of Labor

Proficiency in limited activities improves output.

Well-defined Authority Hierarchy

Strict rules governing behavior within organizations.

Formal Rules and Procedures

Established guidelines for organizational operations.

Worker Efficiency

Increased productivity leads to managerial efficiency.

Organizing

Arranging resources to achieve organizational goals.

Staffing

Recruiting and selecting employees for roles.

Coordinating

Aligning activities and resources for efficiency.

Directing

Guiding and supervising employee activities.

Reporting

Providing information on performance and progress.

Budgeting

Allocating financial resources for operations.

Structural Theory

Framework explaining organizational structure evolution.

Authority

Right to issue commands and make decisions.

Responsibility

Obligation to ensure tasks are completed.

Discipline

Ensuring compliance with management instructions.

Unity of Direction

Coordinated efforts under one plan.

Subordination of Individual Interest

Group interests prioritized over individual interests.

Remuneration of Personnel

Compensation to motivate employee performance.

Centralization

Decision-making concentrated or distributed based on needs.

Scalar Chain

Hierarchy of authority in organizational structure.

Order

Defined rules and standards for work environment.

Equity

Fairness in organizational operations and treatment.

Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Low turnover fosters skill development and loyalty.

Progressive Discipline

Graduated steps for addressing employee performance issues.

Initiative

Encouraging employees to develop and implement plans.

Esprit De Corps

Sense of belonging fosters unity and morale.

Operating Core

Conducts basic work, defining organizational purpose.

Strategic Apex

Executive leadership responsible for overall success.

Middle Line

Ensures goals from strategic apex are executed.

Technostructure

Technical expertise facilitating organizational operations.

Support Staff

Aids basic mission, includes mailroom and security.

Ideology

Belief system compelling commitment to organizational values.

Politics

Divisiveness caused by unauthorized power use.

Neoclassical Theory

Emphasizes individual behavior and human relations.

Behavioral Theory

Focuses on managerial practices driving efficiency.

Work Groups

Functional departments performing distinct activities.

Functions of Management

Includes planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Industrial Psychology

Study of behavior in organizational settings.

Humanistic Theory

Focuses on individual characteristics for organizational success.

Hawthorne Experiment

Productivity increased with improved lighting and attention.

Chester Barnard's Theory

Fosters purpose and ethical vision in organizations.

Informal Organization

Emphasizes personal relationships within formal structures.

Mayo's Contribution

Highlighted importance of worker morale and attention.

Executive Roles

Must create communication systems and foster cooperation.

Productivity Factors

High morale linked to personal attention received.

Participative Management

Involves employees in decision-making processes.

Passive to Active Organisms

Shift in focus from static to dynamic behaviors.

Theory X

Assumes employees are lazy and unmotivated.

Theory Y

Believes employees are inherently good and motivated.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Employees act according to managers' beliefs about them.

Motivation

Internal force driving a worker's performance.

Human Relations Movement

Focuses on social factors affecting productivity.

Behavioral Movement

Suggests managerial behaviors to enhance employee motivation.

Self-Esteem

Value a person places on themselves affects motivation.

Need for Affiliation

Desire to work with and help others.

Need for Power

Desire to influence others rather than just succeed.

Job Expectations Theory

Discrepancy between job expectations and reality affects motivation.

Realistic Job Preview

Provides accurate job information to prevent unmet expectations.

Employee-Centric Leadership

Leaders prioritize employee needs and participative styles.

Argyris' Growth Perspective

Growth is a natural, healthy experience for individuals.