04 IS 2638 - Lesson 4: Knowledge Management

the sharing of knowledge

Core of Knowledge Management

Data

stored representations of meaningful objects and events; raw and unprocessed; without any context

numbers, text, dates

Examples of Structured Data

images, video, documents

Examples of Unstructured Data

Information

data processed to increase knowledge in the person using the data.

True

True or False

A mere collection of data is not information

understanding the relationship and context

Information is ___________ between pieces of data

1. Contextualized

2. Categorized

3. Calculated

4. Condensed

For data to become information, it must be?

Knowledge

a fluid mix of know-how, understanding, experience, values, contextual information, expert insight, and grounded intuition.

Information

contextualized, categorized, calculated, and condensed data

Data

facts and figures which relay something specific but which are not organized in any way

Tacit Knowledge

Types of Knowledge

• Know-how

• Knowledge gained from personal experience that is more difficult to express

• Depends greatly on the willingness of the person to share and convey it to others

• Sharing is a challenge to most organizations

Implicit Knowledge

Types of Knowledge

• Controlled by experts

• The application of explicit knowledge

• Skills that are transferable from one job to another are one example of implicit knowledge

• Can be extracted from an expert in a specific field through a process called Knowledge Engineering

Knowledge Engineering

Implicit Knowledge can be extracted from an expert in a specific field through a process called?

Explicit Knowledge

Types of Knowledge

• Know -what

• Knowledge that is easy to articulate, write down, and share

• Can be explained and documented

• Easy to identify, store, and retrieve

• Contained in documents, textbooks, memos, notes, databases

• Can be archived, reviewed, updated, or discarded

• Accumulation of an organization’s experience kept in a form that can be readily accessed and replicated.

• Black and white

• Reports

• Memos

• Business Plans

• Drawings

• Patents

• Trademarks

• Customer List

• Methodologies

Some examples of Explicit Knowledge

tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge

Personal knowledge can become organizational knowledge through dynamic interaction between __________ and ________

Knowledge Creation

The interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge brings about the four modes of ______________.

Double Spiral Movement

The process of knowledge creation is based on a ________ between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge

Socialization (Tacit to Tacit)

• process of creating common tacit knowledge through shared experiences within a space at same time.

• Tacit knowledge of one person becomes part of the other person

Externalization (Tacit to Explicit)

• Process of articulating tacit knowledge into such explicit knowledge as concepts and/or diagrams

• Uses metaphors, analogies, sketches

• Triggered by a dialogue intended to create concepts from tacit knowledge

Combination (Explicit to Explicit)

• Process of assembling new and existing explicit knowledge into a systematic knowledge

• Commonly produces something tangible

Internalization (Explicit to Tacit)

• Process of embodying explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge or an individual’s know-how or operation knowledge

• Learning by doing or using

• Instructions from manuals are learned and become part of the person’s tacit knowledge.

Competitive Advantage

Core Knowledge + Enabling Knowledge = ?

Core Knowledge

• Kind of knowledge that is critical to attainment of the organization’s goal and the fulfillment of its strategy

• Must be kept within the organization

• Must be developed and nurtured inside the organization

Enabling Knowledge

• Kind of knowledge that can maintain an organization’s competitiveness and effectiveness

• When combined with core knowledge, it can lead to development of new products, processes, and services