Lords + Commons

Exclusive powers of the Commons

financial privilege, complete veto of legislation, votes of no confidence, final approval for legislation, select committees monitoring govt

exclusive powers of Lords

delay legislation for up to one year, examining secondary legislation

shared powers and functions of HoL and HoC

debating legislation and voting, proposing amendments to legislation, calling govt to account, debating issues, private members can introduce bills

confidence and supply

limited agreement between governing party with a minority and other party/ies e.g. 2017 Cons and DUP, supporting party provides backing in vote of no confidence and budget

Salisbury convention

Lords cannot oppose proposed legislation if it was included in the winning parties manifesto

when did the lords successfully stop govt legislation?

2015 tax credit cuts statutory instrument

2 times Lords have caused govt to rethink

2022 Police, crime and sentencing courts bill, voted against 14 amendments that restricted rights to protest

Nationality and borders bill - 12 govt defeats during ping pong, lords objected to being tougher on illegal immigrants

how do Lords defeats influence govt?

causes delays in the busy parliamentary calender causing more pressure on govt to rethink decisions

how are the lords more assertive on bills regarding human rights?

not bound to party manifesto so can draw on their own morals and expertise

3 times the HoL were assertive on human rights

Archbishop of Canterbury calling Rwanda bill ‘ungodly’

Defeats on amendments in nationality and border bills, and 2022 Police, crime and sentencing courts bills