Gestalt & Typography

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Graphic Design I

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70 Terms

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<p>Proximity</p>

Proximity

Objects that are close to each other are perceived as a group.

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<p>Figure/Ground</p>

Figure/Ground

Relationship between an object (figure) and its background (ground).

<p>Relationship between an object (figure) and its background (ground).</p>
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<p>Closure</p>

Closure

To perceive incomplete shapes as complete figures.

<p>To perceive <strong>incomplete</strong> shapes as <strong>complete</strong> figures.</p>
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Enclosure

Elements are grouped together by a surrounding border or shape.

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Direction

The visual path that leads the viewer's eye through a design.

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<p>Continuity/Continuation</p>

Continuity/Continuation

Eye is drawn along paths, lines, and curves. (repetition)

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Symmetry

A balanced arrangement of elements that creates harmony in a design. (Ex: Mandala)

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Gestalt

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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<p>Similarity</p>

Similarity

Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.

<p>Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.</p>
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<p>Anomaly</p>

Anomaly

An element that deviates from the expected pattern, drawing attention to itself.

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Semiotics

The study of visual signs and the way in which they communicate meaning.

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<p>Pictograph</p>

Pictograph

A pictorial sign for a word or phrase that looks like what it represents.

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<p>Ideograph</p>

Ideograph

A graphic image representing an object or concept (without indicating the sounds used to say it) selected by agreement or custom (or more broadly accepted) to become fixed pictorial symbols —- (road signs)

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Alphabet

A set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used to represent the basic sounds of a language.

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Photograph

An image created by capturing light

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Illustration

A visual representation created to explain or decorate a text.

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Rebus

A puzzle that uses pictures to represent words or parts of words.

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Signs

Symbols that convey information or represent something.

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Icon

A graphic representation that symbolizes an object or concept.

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<p>Symbol</p>

Symbol

A mark or character used to represent something else.

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Index

A sign that has a direct correlation to the object it represents.

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<p>Meta-symbol</p>

Meta-symbol

A symbol that represents another symbol or concept. (ex: symbol of peace)

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Digital Icon (GUI)

A pictograph or ideogram used within a graphical user interface (GUI).

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Emoji

A small digital image or icon used to express an idea or emotion.

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<p>Pictorial Icon</p>

Pictorial Icon

An icon that visually represents a specific object or concept.

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Emblem

A symbolic representation that conveys a specific meaning or identity.

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Lettermark or Monogram

A logo consisting of letters, usually the initials of a brand or organization.

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Wordmark or Logotype

A logo that consists of the brand name in a stylized typeface.

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Combination Mark

A logo that combines both text and a symbol.

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Mascot

A character or figure that represents a brand or organization.

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Typeface/Family

A set of characters that share a common design.

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Fonts

Specific styles and sizes of typefaces.

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Serif

A typeface with small lines or decorative strokes at the ends of its characters.

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San Serif

A typeface without the small lines or decorative strokes at the ends of its characters.

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Weight

The thickness of the characters in a typeface.

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Width

The horizontal measurement of characters in a typeface.

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Thick/Thin Contrast (modulation)

The variation in thickness of strokes in a typeface.

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x-height

The height of the lowercase letters in a typeface, specifically the height of the letter 'x'.

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Ascenders

The parts of lowercase letters that extend above the x-height.

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Descenders

The parts of lowercase letters that extend below the baseline.

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Stress/Axis

The direction of the thickest part of a letterform.

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Typeface Categories

Different classifications of typefaces based on their characteristics.

<p>Different classifications of typefaces based on their characteristics.</p>
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Blackletter

A style of typeface characterized by its ornate and gothic appearance.

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Script

A typeface that mimics handwritten text.

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Italic

A style of typeface that slants to the right.

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Old Style/Humanist

A typeface category that features a classic and traditional appearance.

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Transitional

A typeface category that bridges the gap between Old Style and Modern typefaces.

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Modern

A typeface category characterized by its clean lines and minimal ornamentation.

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Slab Serif

A typeface with thick, block-like serifs.

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Sans Serif

A typeface without serifs, known for its clean and modern look.

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Decorative

A typeface designed primarily for decorative purposes rather than readability.

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Monospace

A typeface where each character occupies the same amount of horizontal space.

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Wood Type

A type of typeface made from wood, typically used for large display printing.

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Roman/Regular

A standard style of typeface that is upright and not italicized.

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Bold

A typeface style that is thicker and darker than the regular style.

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Italic

A style of typeface that is slanted and often used for emphasis.

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Light

A typeface style that is thinner than the regular style.

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Condensed

A typeface style that is narrower than the regular style.

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Extended

A typeface style that is wider than the regular style.

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All Caps

Text that is set entirely in uppercase letters.

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Small Caps

A style where lowercase letters are replaced with smaller uppercase letters.

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Raster vs. Vector

Raster graphics are made of pixels, while vector graphics are made of paths defined by mathematical expressions.

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Screen vs. Print

Screen graphics are optimized for display on screens, while print graphics are designed for physical reproduction.

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True Type

A font technology developed by Apple and Microsoft that allows for scalable fonts.

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.ttf

A file extension for TrueType font files.

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.ttc

A file extension for TrueType Collection font files.

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Open Type

A font format that supports advanced typographic features.

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.otf

A file extension for OpenType font files.

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Web Fonts

Fonts that are specifically designed for use on websites.

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<p>Typeface Characteristics</p>

Typeface Characteristics

  1. Serif vs. Sans Serif

  2. Weight & Width

  3. Contrast (Thick & Thin Strokes)

  4. x-height

  5. Ascenders/Descenders

  6. Stress (Vertical/Horizontal)