Vocabulary: Units 1 - 4

Binary

- A way of representing information using only two options

Bit

- Single unit of information in a computer, Usually represented as 0 or 1

Bit rate

- Number of bits that are processed/conveyed per unit of time

protocol

- Set of rules concerning exchange/transmission of data between devices

bandwidth

- Transmission capacity measured by bit rate

IP address

- number assigned to any device/item connected to Internet

Packets

- Small chunks of information that have been forms from larger chunks of data

Router

- A type of computer/device that forwards data across a network

Network redundancy

- Having multiple backups to ensure reliability in cases of high usage or failure

TCP

- Provides reliable, ordered & error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the Internet

DNS

- Translates URLs into IP addresses

URL

- Easy to remember address for a web page

HTTP

- "high level" protocol - used for transmitting web pages over Internet

Lossless compression

- Data compression algorithm that allows original data to be perfectly reconstructed from compressed data

Lossy compression

- Irreversible compression that uses inexact approximations and discards data to represent content

Metadata

- Hidden information in a file that communicates details of the file

Sequencing

- Putting commands in right order to be executed successfully

Abstraction

- Simplified representation of something more complex

Function

- Named group of programming instructions that reduces the complexity of writing and maintaining programs

Comment

- Line of code ignored by program used by programmer to document parts of code or to debug within the program

Documentation

- Description of behavior of command, function, API, etc.

Parameter

- Extra piece of information passed on to function to customize it - value to be passed on to affect its behavior

Loop

- A repetition of commands

FOR loop

- Loop that runs specific number of times, has an increment, and has a clear end

TLS

transport layer security (security layer)

fault tolerant

system can function in event of individual components failing

POST

request made when sending/submitting information over the Internet

SSL

secure socket layer (security layer)

GET

request made when receiving information over the Internet

HTML

markup language used to create web pages

HTTPS

protocol for secure web pages (for logging in)

WWW

world wide web - part of Internet (not entire thing)

IP

protocol to handle transmitting & receiving data over the Internet - handles addressing

cleaning data

process of making data uniform for analyzing, without changing values

filtering data

working with a smaller subset of data for analysis

index

position of single piece of data in list/array

list

one variable used to store multiple values

element

individual piece of data in a list

while loop

iteration used when you don't know how many times it will run or when it will end