Cset ART

Composition with Red, Yellow and Blue

Piet Mondrian

De Stjl Art Movement

1927

Composition

How artwork is organized using the principles of design and arranging the elements of art.

Drawing

First used on cave walls as early as 10,000 BC.

Albrecht Durer & Hans Holbein

First to create detailed drawings that could stand alone as artworks.

Charcoal

Early drawing material made from slowly burned wood.

Red Chalk

made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay. Popular in the 16th & 17th centuries.

Black Chalk

Carbonaceous shale, soft chalk

White Chalk

calcium carbonate or soapstone, used for highlights in drawings.

Conte Crayons

Harder than chalk and produce smooth lines. Made in red, black and white. Developed in the early 1800's

Graphite

Form of carbon discovered in the 1500's and encased in wood for pencils.

Ink

Liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or brush

Pens

Made with quills and reeds, later were created with metal tips.

Tortillon

A tightly rolled paper stump that is used for blending projects

kneaded rubber eraser

Eraser that can be manipulated into smaller sizes and wont leave crumbs

Parchment

Drawing surface created from animal skin in the Middle Ages

Sketch Paper

thin draing paper

Illustration Board

heavy weight board

hot and cold press

very good for pen and ink

Bristol Board

A smooth surface drawing paper especially suited for the delicate lines of fine pen and pencil work

Contour Drawing

a line drawing that defines the outer and inner shapes of forms

Blind Contour Drawing

drawing without looking at the paper

Gesture Drawing

Technique used to quickly capture the action and form of a subject

Perspective drawing

Technique that shows spatial relationships and the illusion of space on a flat surface

Hatching

Technique using closely placed parallel lines to create shading and tones

Crosshatching

technique using perpendicular lines to create heavy shading

Oil Paint

paint made of pigment suspended in drying oil

Watercolor

transparent paint made from pigment and a binder dissolved in water

Egg Tempera

paint created by adding pigment to egg yolk, used as a water-soluable binder. Painted onto stiff surfaces like wood panels or Masonite.

Gouache

paint used for graphic arts like illustrations, comics and posters

Drying Oils

added to oil paints to decrease drying times and thin the consistency

Primer

A base for painting

Masking Fluid

Covers areas of the paper that are needed to stay white for highlights.

Palette

used for organizing and mixing paint colors

Underpainting

Technique used to create a base for a finished painting.

Glazing

Technique used with oil paints to layer transparent colors over a dried opaque color

Dry Brush

Technique used to create a scratchy-looking texture on the surface with evident brush strokes

Sgraffito

Technique of scratching through a layer of paint to reveal the layer or surface underneath

Wet-on-wet

watercolor technique using wet paint on wet paper

Wash

technique of adding a large area of color to a watercolor painting

Plein air

painting in the outdoors to directly capture the effects of light and atmosphere on a given object

Alla Prima

Painting wet oil paint onto wet oil layers

Trompe-l'oeil

visual illusion in art, especially as used to trick the eye into perceiving a painted detail as a three-dimensional object.

Impasto

A painting technique in which pigments are applied in thick layers or strokes to create a rough three-dimensional paint surface on the two-dimensional surface.

Wheatfield with Crows

Vincent van Gogh painting using Impasto technique to create a sense of movement. 1890

Filippo Brunelleschi

painter credited with discovering geometric perspective in 1413

The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci painting that shows the use of one-point perspective. 1495-1498

Apprentice

someone who learned to be an artist by working under a master artist

Brayer

A small, hand-held rubber roller used to spread printing ink evenly on a surface before printing.

Burnisher

smooth metal tool used to press paper onto a surface to create a print

Plate

copper or zinc sheet of metal used for intaglio printmaking

Gouge

used in relief printmaking to cut away the parts that will not hold ink

Intaglio

printing technique where the image is carved into a surface and the ink is held in those lines for printing.

Lithography

printmaking technique where the artists uses a greasy medium like crayon or ink to produce an image on limestone or aluminum.

Relief Printing

method of printing in which a raised surface is used to produce the image. For example, Letter Press.

Screen Printing

Ink is forced through stenciled silk with a squeegee in this printmaking process. Andy Warhol used this method to create multiple prints of the same image.

Andy Warhol

Famous artist that used screen printing to produce multiple prints of the same image, he began creating pop art paintings in 1961. "Campbell's Soup Cans" and celebrity portraits

Collography

printmaking technique in which materials of various textures are attached to a surface.

Frottage

printmaking technique in which the artist gets an impression of the surface of the material.

Monotype

A printmaking process in which only one print results

Stamping

type of relief printmaking, made from rubber, wax or other materials. A shape is pressed into the ink and then pressed onto paper to create the image

linocut

A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing.

woodcut

A print of an image that has been carved in wood

burnisher

a disklike handtool that is flat on the bottom and has a handle

mezzotint

picture engraved on copper or steel by polishing or scraping away parts of a roughened surface. artist works from dark to light

aquatint

an intaglio printmaking process that uses melted rosin or spray paint to create an acid-resistant plate

Porcelain

type of pottery or ceramics developed in China during the Han dynasty 206 BC - 220 AD. High fire clay that is pure white. hard, non-porous and translucent

Venuses

figures shaped like obese women that were found from the stone age and were made from bone and various stones

Michelangelo

considered the greatest Renaissance sculptor. known for his David and Moses

relief

a sculpture in which the sculptural elements are attached to a solid background. The sculpture can appear raised from the background if the background elements are cut away

bas relief (low relief)

Sculpture that has a shallow depth and is not raised from the background. Coins are an example of this

haut-relief (high relief)

when more than half of the sculptural form is projecting from the background. Many ancient greek relief sculptures used this technique.

earthenware

earliest clay used

Terra cotta

type of earthenware that is reddish brown and is more porous than stoneware or porcelain and is less durable

chisel

piece of steel that is pointed at one end and flat on the other end, tool for sculpting

pitching tool

wedge-shaped chisel used for sculpting

rasps

flat steel tools with a rough surface which can be used to wear away excess stone

Ribbon or Loop

tools used to trim, carve and hallow out shapes in a sculpture

wire cutter

used to remove a pot from a potters wheel

Caliper

adjustable tool used to measure openings for making lids

subtractive sculpture

A kind of sculpture technique in which materials are taken away from the original mass; carving.

Additive sculpture

A kind of sculpture technique in which materials (for example, clay) are built up or "added" to create form.

Assemblage

A three-dimensional composition in which a collection of objects is unified in a sculptural work.

hand building

working with clay without a pottery wheel

pinch pot

pot made by pinching the clay with the fingers and thumb

coil method

Hand-rolling clay into long 'snakes' of clay.

leather hard

clay that has partially dried by is not completely dry

bone dry

Clay in which all the moisture has dried out.

bisque

Clay that has been fired once

greenware

Unfired pottery

slip

liquid clay, a mixture of clay and water acts like a glue

lost-wax

casting method in which a metal copy of a sculpture is produced from an original sculpture

fiber art

refers to fine art whose material consists of natural or synthetic fiber and other components, such as fabric or yarn

mandrel

tool used to shape a ring

loupe

magnifier used to see detail

calipers

tool used to measure the gauge or thickness of jewelry material

knitting

creating a series of interlocking loops using straight knitting needles that are pointed at one end

crocheting

using a stick with a hook at the end and creating stitches to interlock the yarn into a fabric or pattern