ABNORMAL PSYCH EXAM #1, VIKEN IU

Deviational Psychology

study of differences

Pathology (Psycho)

study of diseases of the mind

Abnormal Psychology

study of things that have gone wrong

Medical Students disease

The relabeling of symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion as a particular illness resulting from learning about that illness (clustering, duration)

Levels of Abnormality

Disease, Deviation, & Maladaptive

Demonology

the study of demons or of beliefs about them; person starts acting strange or unable to take care of themselves, spirit gets inside person and makes them act this way.

Hipocrates and Somatogenesis

origins of health problems are in the natural world/body.

Modern Approaches to Abnormal Psychology

Biological/Medical Model, Freud's Psychoanalytic Model, Learning Theory Model, Humanistic Approach, and Community Approach

Id

primitive, unconscious mind where hidden memories & urges go

Superego

moral conscience

Ego

realistic part that meditates between the desires of both.

Stages of Psychosexual Development

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

Defense Mechanisms

Repression, Projection, Displacement, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, and Regression

Repression

restraint or inhibition of feelings

Projection

denying existence within oneself, project to others

Displacement

mind substitutes a new object for goals

Rationalization

defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions

Reaction Formation

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

Regression

psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Behavioral Learning Theories

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

classical conditioning

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

operant conditioning

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

social learning theory

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Preparedness

The species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Instinctive Drift

tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement

humanistic approach

An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.

Community Approach

Understands the diversity and interactions of organisms living together in the same place.

Classification

a way to simplify, communicate, categorize, or diagnose.

Tools for Classification

Symptoms, Onset, Course (acute, chronic, episodic), outcome, etiology, and response to treatment

Evaluating a Classification System

Reliability, Validity, & Generality

Case Study

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. good for generating hypothesis, disproving absolutes, and introducing new ideas.

Correlational Method

a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other

Experimental Method

A method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

dependent varibale

variable that is measured

INtelligence test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

personality tests

Psychological tests that measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes.

schizophrenia

form of psychosis

• when a person is considered to be out of contact with reality

psychopathology

the symptoms and signs of mental disorders, including such phenomena as depressed mood, panic attacks, and bizarre beliefs

harmful dysfunction

a mental disorder

culture

values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by a specific community or group of people

incidence

the number of new cases of a disorder that appear in a population during a specific period of time

prevalence

the total number of active cases, both old and new, that are present in a population during a specific period of time

epidemiology

the scientific study of the frequency and distribution of disorders within a population

comorbidity

the presence of more than one con