ch 11 - digestion

palate

roof of mouth; separates nasal and oral cavities

soft palate: posterior, not supported by bone

hard palate: anterior, supported by bone

cardia

area around opening of esophagus

fundus

proximal domes portion of stomach

body

central portion of stomach, distal to fundus

pylorus

portion of stomach that connects to small intestine

pyloric sphincter

ring of smooth muscle that guards opening between stomach and duodenum

small intestine

where digestion is completed, absorption (nutrients to blood stream) which takes place through villi (tiny fingerlike projections that line small intestine walls)

duodenum

1st 10 to 12 inchs of small intestine

jejunum

2nd portion of small intestine (8 ft)

ileum

3rd portion of small intestine , connects with large intestine

large intestine

absorption of water and transit of the solid waste products of digestion take place in large intestine

cecum

1st portion of large intestine (U-shaped pouch)

colon

main portion of large intestine

4 parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

rectum

distal portion of large intestine, extends from sigmoid colon to anus

liver

produces bile , necessary for digestion of fats

biliary tract

organs an dducts that transport, store, and release bile

bile ducts

passageways that carry bile

• hepatic duct collects bile

• cystic duct tranports bile to and from gallbladder

common bile duct

small, tubelike structure where hepatic duct and cystic duct join; conveys to duodenum to aid in breakdown of fats

gallbladder

small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by liver

pancreas

glandular organ that produces pancreatic juice, helps digest all types of food; secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar

peritoneum

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

appendix

maintains beneficial microbes in intestines

aka vermiform appendix

abdomen

betwen thorax and pelvis

an/o

anus

antr/o

antrum

cec/o

cecum

col/o, colon/o

colon (large intestine)

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestines (usually small)

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

or/o

mouth

proct/o, rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stomat/o

mouth

abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

abdomen, abdominal cavity

cf for appendix

append/o, appendic/o

lips cf

cheil/o

cholangi/o

bile ducts

chol/e

gall, bile

choledoch/o

common bile duct

cyst/o

bladder, sac

diverticul/o

diverticulum (pouch extending from a hollow organ)

cf for gums

gingiv/o

cf for tongue

gloss/o, lingu/o

cf for liver

hepat/o

cf for hernia

herni/o

lith/o

stone, calculus

cf for nose

nas/o

cf for palate

palat/o

cf for pancreas

pancreat/o

cf for peritoneum

peritone/o

phag/o

eating, swallowing

cf for pharynx

pharyng/o

cf for polyp, small growth

polyp/o

cf for pylorus, pyloric sphincter

pylor/o

cf for saliva, salivary gland

sial/o

cf for fat

steat/o

cf for uvula

uvul/o

hemi- prefix =

half

suffix for pertaining to

-ac, -eal

suffix = hernia, protrusion

-cele

suffix = surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

-centesis

suffix = condition

-iasis

suffix for diseased state, condition of

-ia

suffix = stone, calculus

-lith

suffix for digestion

-pepsia

suffix for suturing, repairing

-rrhaphy

noun suffix, no meaning

-y

cheilitis

inflammation of the lips

cholangioma

tumor of bile duct

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

choledocholithiasis

condition of stones in the common bile duct

cholelithiasis

condition of gallstones

colitis

inflammation of the colon

• caused by C. difficile

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticulum

diverticulosis

abnormal condition of having diverticula

dysentery

painful intestines

• inflammation of (usually large) intestines associated w abdominal pain and often bloody diarrhea

enteritis

inflammation of the intestines

enteropathy

disease of intestines

esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

glossitis

inflammation of the tongue

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hepatoma

tumor of the liver

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

polyposis

abnormal condition of polyps in the mucous membrane of intestine (esp. colon)

proctitis

inflammation of the rectum

rectocele

hernia of the rectum

sialolith

stone in the salivary gland

steatohepatitis

inflammation of the liver associated with (excess) fat

• alcohol abuse and obesity

  • may lead to cirrhosis

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth (mucous membrane)

uvulitis

inflammation of the uvula

adhesion

• abnormal growing together of 2 peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated

• may occur after abdominal surger

  • surg. treatment = adhesiolysis or adgesiotomy

celiac disease

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune rxn to gluten , which may damage lining of the small intestine responsible for absorption of food into blood stream

• multisystem disorder w varying signs and symptoms, including abdom bloating and pain, chronic diarrhea or constipation, steatorrhea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, and iron deficiency anemia

• dermatitis herpetiformis associated

aka gluten enteropathy.