Hypothalamus Pituitary and Thyroid Dr. Bo Liu 2024

what is the posterior pituitary?

it is an extension of the hypothalamus and stores hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus

where do neurons on the the hypothalamus send signals to?

neurons in the hypothalamus send axons to the median eminence

what are the six hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

Growth Hormone (GH)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Leutinising Hormone (LH)

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Prolactin (PL)

what hormones are released from the posterior pituatray?

oxytocin and ADH

what type of hormones are released by the hypothalamus to send signals to the the anterior pituitary via the median eminence?

peptide hormones

what are releasing hormones?

these are produced by the hypothalamus and cause the anterior pituitary to release hormones into the blood stream

what are some examples of releasing hormones?

TRH: thyrotropin-releasing hormone, CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH) ,) GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone,GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone

what are inhibiting hormones?

synthesised in the hypothalamus and switch of the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary

what are some examples of inhibiting hormones

dopamine and somatostatin

what is the function of the hormone LH and FSH?

control the production of sex hormones, sexual differentiation, behavior and fertility

what nuclei of the anterior pituitary makes LH and FSH?

gonadotrophs

what releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the secretion of the LS and FSH?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

what nuclei of the anterior pituitary control the secretion of growth hormone?

somatotrophs

what releasing hormone from the hypothalamus causes the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

GHRH( growth hormone releasing hormone)

what is gigantism?

condition where too much growth hormone is released before bones have fused which causes excess growth/ height.

what is acromegaly?

condition where to much growth hormone is produced after bones have fused which causes bones to get wider

which nuclei of the anterior pituitary produces prolactin

mammotrophs

what hormone inhibits prolactin release?

dopamine

what is the fucntion of Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)

Acts on the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce and release cortisol

what releasing hormone secreted in the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH

corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)

what nuclei in the anterior pituitary synthesizes thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)?

thyrotrophs

what releasing hormones in the hypothalamus triggers the releasing of TSH from the anterior pituitary ?

thyroid/ thyrotropin releasing hormone( TRH)

what is the function of TSH?

acts at the thyroid gland to stimulate the release of t3 and t4

how much does the average thyroid gland weight?

10-20g

what connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

the isthmus

what does the thyroid hormone bind to after being released from the thyroid gland?

thyroid hormone receptors found in the nucleus

where on the dna structure does the thyroid hormone receptor complex bind to stimulate or inhibit gene transcription?

thyroid response element