Gen Physics Q3 - L2: Induced Charges - Coulomb's Law

Induced Charges

A change in the charge of an atom to negative or positive depending if atom gains or loses electrons or charged using friction

Induced Charges Formula

p+ = e-

where p is protons
where e is electrons

Charging by Friction

Happens when two materials are rubbed against each other (Example: Rubbing two things together)

Electron Affinity

How attracted an atom is to an electron

High Electron Affinity

Are more capable of gaining electrons

Low Electron Affinity

Less capable of gaining electrons

Triboelectric Series

Arranges the order of materials in an increasing electron affinity from top to bottom, the higher on the list, the more positively charged it is

Number of Excess Charge Formula

n/e

where n is the charge of magnitude
where e is the value of electron charge

Charging by Conduction

Physical contact between a charged body and a neutral body, transfer of electrons/loss of electrons (Example: Charged Metal and Neutral Object)

Charging by Induction

Charged body charges another body without physical contact (Example: Balloons and Sphere System)

Polarization

Negative charges on a neutral body are attracted toward a positively charged body and vice versa

Law of Conservation of Energ

Charges can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred from one body to another

Coulomb

Discovered magnitude of electrical force between two charged particles

Coulomb’s Law

Electrical force is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to magnitudes of charges and INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to square of distance between them

Coulomb’s Law Formula

𝑭𝒆 = 𝒌 𝒒𝟏𝒒𝟐/𝒓𝟐

where Fe = electrical force
where q1 = charge 1
where q2 = charge 2
where r = distance in m
where k = Coulomb’s Constant

Electrostatic Force

A force depending on nature of medium between charges which can be attractive or repulsive

Gravitational Force

An always attractive force that does not depend on nature of mediums

Electrostatic vs Gravitational

Electrostatic forces are stronger than Gravitational forces

Attractive Force

Opposite Charges

Repulsive Force

Same Charges

Coulomb Constant

9.0 ×10^9 N . m²/c²