HAN 312 Chapter 20 Lecture 2: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

radiology

medical speciality concerned with the study of x-rays and other technologies to produce and interpret images of the human body for diagnosis of disease

x-rays

invisible waves of energy

nuclear medicine

use of radioactive substances in the diagnosis of disease

posteroanterior view (PA)

posterior source to anterior detector

anteroposterior view (AP)

anterior source to posterior detector

lateral view

in left view it is the source at right of patient to detector at left of patient

oblique view

source slanting direction at angle from perpendicular source

abduction

movement away from the midline

adduction

movement toward the midline

eversion

turning outward

extension

lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

flexion

bending a part of the body

decubitus

lying down on the side

prone

lying on the belly (face down)

recumbent

lying down (prone or supine)

supine

lying on the back (face up)

computed tomography (CT)

Diagnostic x-ray procedure that produces a cross-sectional image of a specific body segment

contrast studies

Radiopaque materials are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

gamma camera

machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals

gamma rays

high energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies

half-life

time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration

interventional radiology

Therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by a radiologist

in vitro

Process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism

in vivo

Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed within a living organism

ionization

Transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Use of magnetic field and radio waves to produce sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body

nuclear medicine

Medical specialty that studies uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease

positron emission tomography (PET)

Use of positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism

radioimmunoassay

Test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood

radioisotope

Radioactive form of an element ; radionuclide

radiolabeled compound

Radiopharmaceutical; used in nuclear medicine studies

radiolucent

permitting the passage of x-rays

radionuclide

radioactive form of an element, radioisotope

radiopaque

obstructing the passage of x-rays

radiopharmaceutical

radioactive drug used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

scan

image of an area, organ, or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT, or MRI

scintigraphy

Diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D-image based on a composite of many views

tagging

Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body

tracer studies

Use of radionuclide tags attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body

ultrasonography

Diagnostic technique that projects and retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off body parts

ultrasound transducer

Handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals

uptake

Rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue

ventilation-perfusion studies

Ventilation and perfusion of a radiopharmaceutical followed by imaging its passage through the respiratory tract

fluor/o

luminous

is/o

same

pharmaceut/o

drug

radi/o

x-rays

roentgen/o

x-rays

son/o

sound

therapeut/o

treatment

vitr/o

glass

viv/o

life

-gram

record

-graphy

process of recording

-lucent

to shine

-opaque

obscure

cine-

movement

-echo

a repeated sound

ultra-

beyond