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16 Terms
Dualism
The philosophical view that mind and body are distinct and separable.
Wilhelm Wundt
Considered the father of modern psychology; established the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
Introspection
The examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that sought to analyze the adult mind in terms of the simplest definable components and how they fit together; created by Edward Titchener.
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior; created by William James.
Evolution
The process through which species undergo changes over time through natural selection.
Freud’s theory
Focuses on the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on behavior; known for psychoanalysis.
Behaviorism
A theory that focuses on observable behaviors and dismisses mental processes; key figures include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.
Gestalt psychology
A psychological approach that emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts.
Correlational study
A type of observational study that measures the relationship between two variables without manipulating them.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.
Central and Peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside the central nervous system.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables in an experiment.
Sympathetic nervous system
Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress-related activities; 'fight or flight.'
Parasympathetic nervous system
Part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and helps to conserve energy; 'rest and digest.'
Homunculus
A representation of the human body that is distorted based on the density of sensory and motor neurons in various parts of the body.