New England, Chesapeake, the West Indies/Colonial Society (1607-1754)

Jamestown, Virginia

the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company for economic reasons. Was failing at first (lazy people). Important help given by Native Americans.

Captian John Smith

Brings military order and discipline.

Tabaco Crop

brings wealth to Jamestown. John Rolfe organizes the tobacco industry.

Married Pocahontas.

Plymouth Colony

(1690) Founded by Puritans who left England escaping the Anglican Church.

failing at 1st until help from Native Americans.

- 1st seeking religious freedom instead of just wealth

Mayflower Compact

A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

The 3 areas of English colonization which develop in North America and their rank

New England(1), Chesapeake(2), The West Indies(3)

Pilgrims

Mostly puritans who left England

New England

- after 1630, huge migration of Puritans from England and other areas to New England after publication of A Description of New England by John Smith.

- Puritan Church is dominate

- Family is central

- Women legally and politically inferior to men

- Slavery is not illegal but frowned upon

- Most educated

Rhode Island

Founded by Roger Williams. 1st colony to practice "religious toleration". Had "Separation of Church and State"

Anne Hutchinson

1st female "Woman's Rights" advocate in US. Rebellious woman who resented the Puritan Church's restrictions on women. Leaves Massachusetts to go to Rhode Island.

Pequot War

(1637) Puritans exterminate the tribe and found Connecticut. Against Native Americans

King Phillip's War

(1675) Chief Metacom defeated by colonists. LAST Native American threat to colonial expansion in New England. Against Native Americans.

Salem Witch Trials

Accusers are often young women and

girls. Accused witches are often older, assertive, economically independent women. Governor halts

the trials. Example of the dangers of religious fanaticism, but also Women's Rights.

End of Puritan Era

By 1700. Biggest reason due to rise of powerful Puritan merchants, he market economy, trade industry, business. Their power is weakened but still has some influence. Also the younger generations resent the control of the Puritan Church.

Half-Way Covenant

(1662) compromise by the Puritan

Church to ease restrictions.

Cheasapeake

- Anglican Church(Church of England) is the dominant church.

- Voting rights based on wealth and land-ownership

- Most government positions are appointed, not elected

- Aristocracies (elite, wealthy, huge land-owning, upper-class groups (families in CH) that control the gov't, wealth, etc.)

- Plantation society

- Indentured Servants: Legally forced to work to pay off debt, and overall, 40% died within 6

years of their unfree labor (young white men).

Maryland

(1632) founded by Lord Baltimore to be a haven for Catholics. However, Catholics will

face discrimination after John Coode's Rebellion (1689).

Bacon's Rebellion

(1676) Racism against Native Americans, but also how unfair an Aristocracy is for common, small farmers. led by Nathaniel Bacon, leader of a group of angry, small farmers upset at the inequality of the Aristocracy. Bacon and his men attack friendly Native Americans, breaking a treaty, to steal their land.

The West Indies

- (the English Caribbean)- most poverty (for Whites), most slavery (Africans), most unhealthy, least educated, fewest schools, lowest literacy rate, greatest disparity of wealth, least religious, least democratic.

- Black Slaves out number Free Whites by 4-1

- Least democratic and least self-sufficient

Black Codes

violence, fear, intimidation, terror (rules and regulations regarding slaves). Often

worked to death within 10 years.

Stuart Restoration

(1660) in England. The four Stuart Kings (James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II)- "interfere" in the day to day affairs of the American Colonies.

Salutary Neglect

Since 1607, England has allowed the colonies a great deal of "independence" in our governments, self-government, laws, etc. "the day to day affairs of the colonies are handled by the colonies themselves, without interference from England or the strict enforcement of their laws."

The Restoration Colonies

Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

The Navigation Acts

- (1660) designed to stop and punish American colonial smuggling (illegal trade- generally with non-English islands in the Caribbean). England regulates regular trades (non-english colonies and other countries)

- Goods (sugar, tobacco, etc.) must be shipped to England first. Must use English ships. Much too expensive for Americans to follow this law. Leads to MORE smuggling. Resentment in the colonies.

- LINKED TO PAPER/TEA ACT

Carolina

(1663) populated due to Headright System

Headright System

- Granted 50 acers of land free if you pay for your own voyage or someone else's voyage to Carolina.

- Rich get richer

Stono Rebellion

(1739) in South Carolina. Slave uprising kills 25 Whites and 50 Slaves as they try to escape to Florida (Spain). Leads to stricter, more brutal Slave Codes. FAILS

New York

(1664) (1664)- England seized New Netherlands from the Dutch. set up like a European medieval, feudal manor. The "feudal lords" were called patroons, who grew wealthy from the rent of "serfs" called tenant farmers. Owned giant areas of land. Very pro-English, even in the American Revolution. Grow grains, fruits, etc. (loyalists)

New Jersey

(1702) known for having a diverse group of settlers including Puritans, Quakers, Scotts, etc. who constantly debate and argue over the colony's direction.

Pennsylvania

(1681) land given to William Penn, a wealthy Quaker who was owed a debt. Founded to be a haven for Quakers and to make a profit.

- Religious tolerance (like Rhode Island)- no established church. All faiths are welcome.

- Ethnic tolerance and diversity, including fair dealings with Native Americans.

- the colony prospers by selling grain and foods, especially to the West Indies.

- most settlers arrive in families. Population quickly grows in the 1700s.

- Quaker Church 1st group to publicly oppose slavery

The Glorious Revolution

(1689)- William and Mary seize the throne of England and end Stuart rule. Dominion of New England is ended and colonies are "independent" again. American colonists are happy and grateful.

Leisler's Rebellion

(1689-1691)- Captain Leisler of the NY militia seized control of part of NY while James II was still king. However, he continues to control the colony even though William and Mary have demanded it end. Leisler is executed, leading to more mistrust and resentment against England.

King Williams War (War of the League of Augsburg)

(1689-1697)- England/American colonists,

France, Native Americans and others fight in North America. Overall, it's a draw, though France has expanded its empire.

Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)

(1702-1713)- England/American colonists, France,

Spain and Native Americans fight in North America. English/Americans fight the French in the north in New France, Massachusetts, Maine and the Spanish invade Carolina. While England fares better, North American dominance is still unsettled, with England, France and Spain vying for power.

Peace of 1713

(1713-1744)- 31 years of relative peace in North America until 1744. The American colonies expand in every way including population, area, etc. and grow closer to England, our mother country.

The Enlightenment

(1700s) movement based on science, logic, reason, intellect, as opposed to religion. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson are two leaders. Many new schools and

universities that are not religion-based are built, including the University of Pennsylvania (Franklin), the first university in the US that is NOT religious in nature. Libraries are built. Many are also involved with Colonial Assemblies.

Enlightenment Scientist

including Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, help expand scientific knowledge through experimentation, new theories, etc.

Enlightenment Thinkers

including Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin, are writers and philosophers who publish works that speak of democracy, freedom, justice, tyranny, etc. Thomas Paine (Common Sense) is regarded as the greatest writer during his lifetime. Many of Jefferson's ideas and writings are influenced by John Locke (Life, Liberty and Property)

Deism

many Enlightenment individuals have this belief- There is a Creator, or G-d, who created the universe and the laws which govern it. However, He then allows our world and history to unfold according to natural, scientific laws. No miracles, no interactions with humanity.

The Great Awakening

(1700s) a Christian Revival Movement and religious backlash against the Enlightenment. Leaders include Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield. "You have strayed off

The Path, You must Repent." Very influential. Christian Revivalism leads to many new churches, new religious denominations, new religious colleges including Columbia and Dartmouth.