UARK Dental Science Unit 1

Odontology is:

the study of structure and form of teeth/dentition

Anterior dentition includes:

the incisor and canine teeth

Postcanine dentition includes:

the premolar and molar teeth

Labial direction means

relating to/towards the lips

Lingual direction means

relating to/towards the tongue

Buccal direction means

relating to/towards the cheek

Labial and buccal directions/surfaces can also be referred to as

facial

Incisal means

the biting surface of a tooth (canines and incisors)

Occlusal means

the chewing surface of a tooth (premolars and molars)

The apical part of a tooth refers to

the apex, AKA root of the tooth

Oral version of anterior/towards the midline:

mesial

Oral version of posterior/away from midline:

distal

Interproximal means

between adjoining teeth

The bones of the oral cavity are the:

Maxillae, Palatines, and Mandible

The maxillary arcade/arch is the

maxilla; top bone; roof of mouth

The mandibular arcade/arch is the

mandible; bottom bone; jaw

The two dental antimeres are the

left side and right side

When looking at dentition, left and right from OUR pov is

SWITCHED. (right side is on left hand/left side is on right hand)

The four dental quadrants are

upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right.

Humans are diphyodonts, which means

we have two sets of teeth

Deciduous dentition is also known as:

baby teeth, primary teeth

Permanent dentition is also known as:

adult teeth, secondary/succedaneous teeth

How many teeth are in deciduous dentition?

20 teeth

How many teeth are in permanent dentition?

32 teeth

Mixed dentition refers to

A dentition that contains both deciduous and permanent teeth

What are the four kinds/fields of teeth?

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

Canines and premolars can also be called __________ and __________

cuspids, bicuspids

Molars can also be called __________, including M3s (wisdom teeth).

cheek teeth

In deciduous dentition, only _________, __________, and __________ are found.

incisors, canines, molars

The permanent dental formula is

2.1.2.3 / 2.1.2.3

The deciduous dental formula is

2.1.2 / 2.1.2

The following graphic shows what system?

Permanent Universal Numbering System

The following graphic shows what system?

Deciduous Universal System

In the permanent universal system, what tooth represents #1?

upper right third molar (wisdom tooth)

In the permanent universal system, what tooth represents #17?

lower left third molar (wisdom tooth)

Using the deciduous universal system, if A represents the upper right second molar, what tooth does N represent?

lower left second incisor

The following graphic shows what notation system?

Palmer/Zsigmondy Permanent System

The following graphic shows what notation system?

Palmer/Zsigmondy Deciduous System

The following graphic shows what notation system?

Permanent FDI System

The following graphic shows what notation system?

Deciduous FDI System

The red line is called the ________ of the tooth

crown

The line is pointing to the ________ of the tooth

neck/cervix

The area with red is the ________ of the tooth

root

Area E is known as the:

enamel

Area F is known as the:

dentine

Area D is known as the:

pulp chamber/cavity

Area G is known as the:

gums/gingiva

Area J is known as the:

root canal

Area K is known as the:

alveolar bone

Area H is known as the:

cementum

Area L is known as the:

nerves and blood vessels

Area I is known as the:

periodontal ligament

The dietary/manipulation function of incisors helps with

cutting, scraping, and peeling.

The social function of incisors helps with

esthetics, signaling/display, and phonetics/speech.

The universal notations for upper incisors are __, __, | __, __, and the notations for lower incisors are __, __, | __, __.

(7, 8, | 9, 10) ; (26, 25, | 24, 23)

The zsigmondy notations for upper incisors are __ __ | __ __, and the notations for the lower incisors are __ __ | __ __ .

(2 1 | 1 2) ; (2 1 | 1 2)

The FDI notations for upper incisors are __ __ | __ __, and the notations for the lower incisors are __ __ | __ __ .

(12 11 | 21 22) ; (42 41 | 31 32)

What type of tooth has these specific traits?

- 2/3 crown flat and spatulate

- 2+ mammelons

- strong marginal ridges

- single root (typically)

incisors

incisors have __ labial lobe(s), and __ lingual lobe(s)

3; 1

___ is the key tooth of the maxillary incisor field because it is more stable (less variable in size and form) than ___.

I^1 ; I^2

The key tooth of the mandibular dentition is ___.

I^2

compared to the maxillary lateral, the maxillary central (I^1) is

- larger, wider, mesial incisal angle almost 90 degrees, less variable

- marginal ridges and cingulum less prominent, lingual fossa shallower

compared to the maxillary central, the maxillary lateral (I^2) is

- smaller, narrower, sloped, asymmetrical, rounded distoincisal angle, more variable

- marginal ridges and cingulum more prominent, lingual fossa deeper

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Shoveling; an elaboration of the mesial and distal marginal ridges.

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Double shoveling; the manifestation of mesial and distal marginal ridges on the labial surface.

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Tuberculum dentale; cingular projections on lingual aspect; ridges or tubercles.

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Winging; I^1s rotated distolabially (unilaterally or bilaterally); if rotated mesiolabially - counterwinging.

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Labial convexity; level of convexity of the I1 labial surface.

This image shows what kind of incisor morphological variant?

Interruption grooves; depressions or grooves interrupting marginal ridges or cingulum; highly variable.

Compared to mandibular incisors, maxillary incisors are

- larger, broad and convex labial surfaces, more asymmetrical, sharp mesioincisal angle and rounded distolingual angle

- strong cingulum and marginal ridges, stout and rounded-triangular roots

Compared to maxillary incisors, mandibular incisors are

- smaller, more chisel-shaped, flatter labial surface, more symmetrical, parallel margins

- narrow cingulum and weak marginal ridges, mesio-distally compressed roots

Mandibular incisors are

mobile cutting edges that slide behind maxillary incisors.

The mandibular central incisor is ______________ compared to the mandibular lateral incisor.

symmetrical, narrower, incisal edge straight, roots have a weaker distal curve

The mandibular lateral incisor is ______________ compared to the mandibular central incisor.

asymmetrical, wider, incisal edge rotated, roots have a stronger distal curve

The dietary/manipulation function of canines are

piercing, gripping, and tearing.

The canines' function as tools/weapons helps with

hunting, defense, and digging.

The canines' function as a social signaling tool manifests through

intimidation and threat.

Canines can also be called

cuspids.

The universal notation for upper canines is __ | __ , and the notation for lower canines is __ | __ .

(6 | 11) ; (27 | 22)

The zsigmondy notation for upper canines is __ | __ , and the notation for lower canines is __ | __ .

(3 | 3) ; (3 | 3)

The FDI notation for upper canines is __ | __ , and the notation for lower canines is __ | __ .

(13 | 23) ; (43 | 33)

The following traits belong to which tooth?

- sole member of tooth class/field (key tooth)

- longest roots

- simplest morphology

- single root (typically)

Canines.

True or False? Just like incisors, canines have three labial lobes and one lingual lobe.

True

What is the canine mesial ridge?

Morphological variant unique to canines; mesial marginal ridge larger than distal marginal ridge with distal reflection 2/3 way down crown and attachment to tuberculum dentale.

What is the canine distal accessory ridge?

Morphological variant unique to canines; small elevation in distolingual fossa between cusp apex and distal marginal ridge.

Compared to mandibular canines, the maxillary canines are

- stouter, broader, bulge mesiodistal, more lingually concave

- lingual ridge, marginal ridges, and cingulum more defined

Compared to maxillary canines, the mandibular canines:

- mesial crown margin upright, root more compressed, sometimes accessory rootlet

- less topography on lingual crown surface

What are premolars?

Premolars are the most anteriorly placed teeth to bear occlusal forces.

Premolars' esthetic function is to

maintain the vertical dimension of the face.

Premolars may also be called

Bicuspids

The universal notation for upper premolars is __ __ | __ __ , and the notation for lower premolars is __ __ | __ __ .

(4 5 | 12 13) ; (29 28 | 21 20)

The zsigmondy notation for upper premolars is __ __ | __ __ , and the notation for lower premolars is __ __ | __ __ .

(5 4 | 4 5) ; (5 4 | 4 5)

The FDI notation for upper premolars is __ __ | __ __ , and the notation for lower premolars is __ __ | __ __ .

(15 14 | 24 25) ; (45 44 | 34 35)

What tooth do the following traits belong to?

- at least two cusps

- one large buccal cusp

- one or more smaller lingual cusps

- only in the permanent dentition

Premolars

How many lobes do premolars have?

4; 3 buccal and 1 lingual.

P1 (premolar) traits

- occlusal outline more circular/triangular, buccal cusp much bigger than lingual, *KEY TOOTH (more stable)***

- central groove longer, fossae more marked, mesial concavity or "canine fossa" present, typically 2 root

- typically 1-2 lingual cusps

- marginal ridges run steeply down to the lingual cusp, prominent mesiolingual groove, divided roots more common

P2 (premolar) traits

- occlusal outline more rectangular/oval, buccal and lingual cusps more similar in size

- marginal ridges bulkier, typically 1 root

- typically 2-3 lingual cusps, square occlusal outline

- bulkier crown with a central pit

What are odontomes?

A morphological variant unique to premolars; central enamel projection, often have a dentine component.

What are accessory cusps?

A morphological variant unique to premolars; small accessory cusps at either end of the central groove.

What is a distosagittal ridge?

A morphological variant unique to premolars; rare variant of P1; distal margin of buccal cusp rotates away from the central groove.