Cellular Resperation

What is the initial molecule that undergoes glycolysis?

1 molecule of glucose (6 carbons) is broken down.

What are the end products of glycolysis?

2 molecules of pyruvic acid (each 3 carbons) are produced.

How many ATP molecules are used in glycolysis?

2 ATP molecules are used.

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

4 ATP are gained (2 ATP used, net 2 ATP gained).

What are NADH molecules converted from during glycolysis?

2 NAD+ are reduced to NADH.

Where do the pyruvic acid molecules go after glycolysis?

They are sent to the Krebs cycle.

What happens to the pyruvic acid when it enters the mitochondria?

A carbon molecule is broken off and released as CO2.

What is produced when pyruvic acid is converted in the mitochondria?

Pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl CoA.

What does Acetyl CoA combine with in the Krebs cycle?

It combines with a 4-carbon compound to form citric acid.

How many CO2 molecules are released during the Krebs cycle?

2 CO2 molecules are released.

What are the energy carriers produced during the Krebs cycle?

4 NADH, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2 are produced.

What is the role of the electron transport chain (ETC)?

High energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed down the chain.

What is formed when oxygen accepts high energy electrons in the ETC?

Water is formed when oxygen accepts the electrons along with hydrogen ions.

What is the result of hydrogen ion movement across the inner membrane in the ETC?

Energy generated is used to create ATP by ATP synthase.

How does ATP synthase produce ATP?

It converts ADP into ATP by using the energy from H+ ions moving back across the membrane.