CHE2C Main Group stuff

Ca

Also biologically important, lower solubility, hard water, OS = +2

Ba

Toxic, absorbs x-rays, not soluble at low conc, useful for gastromedicine, OS = +2

Ra

Radioactive, OS = +2

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

Basis for precious gems, small amounts of transition metals determine color, OS = +1, +3

B

Nonmetal, supports 6 e- in valence, can form dimers, chemistry similar to Si, OS = +1, +3

Ga

Higher density liquid, low melting point, OS = +1, +3

Li

Important for current battery technologies, common OS = +1

H

Non-metal, rocket fuel, location debatable

Be

Smaller, harder, higher melting point, higher ionization energy, more covalent bonding, less reactive than family members, doesn't create sparks when used to chop metals, atmospheric oxide, OS = +2

Mg

Biologically important, lower solubility, hard water, OS = +2

C

Can form pi bonds, basis for life, allotropes: diamond, graphite, fullerenes, OS = +2, +4

Si

Si-O bonds stronger than Si-Si bonds, basis for geological world, OS = +2, +4

Ge

Rare, semiconductors, OS = +2, +4

Sn

Soft metal, silvery color, allotropes: white tin, grey tin, brittle tin, OS = +2, +4

N

Stable or highly reactive, can form pi bonds, important for DNA, ___fixation processes, atmospheric reactions, Multiple OS.

P

Larger, d-orbitals available for electrons, bonding. Present in ATP, ADP, and important for fertilizer. Multiple OS.

As

Toxic, semi-metal, Multiple OS

Bi

Heavy, not very toxic. Good substitute for lead in some applications, Multiple OS

O

Two molecular forms, one of which is toxic. OS = 0, -1, -2 (most common)

S

Unpleasant smell, many uses, including weapons. Over 30 solid allotropes. 8 make a ring structure.

Po

Radioactive, lethal, present in tobacco

F:

Smallest, highest electronegativity, important for dental care, gives CFCs and PFAS stability, OS = -1

At

Radioactive, longest lived isotope lasted 8.3 hours (doesn't last long)

He

Forms no compounds. Light. Escapes atmosphere. OS = 0

Ne

No compounds, luminescent with current, OS = 0

Ar

Major component of air, forms some compounds, OS = 0

Kr

Many stable compounds possible with expanded octets, OS = 0

Xe

Also Many stable compounds possible with expanded octets, OS = 0

Rn

Many stable compounds possible with expanded octets, radioactive, OS = 0

Mn

Has most OS out of all elements

Cr

First element to have multiple OS in nature