Cell Death, Differentiation + potencies

Define and explain Apoptosis

programmed cell death. enzymes shred the cells DNA, nucleus is dismantled into blebs, apoptotic bodies form containing contents of dead cell and are cleared by macrophages and phagocytes

What does G1 do?

checks DNA for damage, makes sure nutrients are sufficient and cell size and growth patterns are normal

What does S do?

DNA synthesis

What does G2 do?

DNA is screened for damage and checks are made to see if DNA relocation occurred without and errors

Why is it important to regulate the cell cycle? (5)

preventing uncontrolled cell division, ensuring proper DNA replication and chromosome segregation, maintaining tissue integrity during growth and repair, prevents formation of cancer 

What are cyclins?

proteins that promote cell cycle progression

What are CDK’s?

proteins that inhibit and stop the cell cycle

Define totipotent

a stem cell able to differentiate into any cell type

Define pluripotent

a stem cell that is able to differentiate into some but not all cell types

Define multipotent (+example)

a stem cell that is able to differentiate into a limited amount of cell types within a specific lineage eg. blood stem cells can make red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets