The Progressive Era: Key Reforms, Leaders, and Social Movements

What was the main goal of the Progressive Era?

To address political corruption and promote social reforms.

What is the purpose of the secret ballot?

To prevent bosses from controlling votes and empower the electorate.

What does the initiative allow reformers to do?

Circumvent state legislatures by submitting new legislation directly to voters.

What is a referendum?

A method for voters to approve or reject actions of the legislature.

What is the recall process?

A procedure that allows voters to remove a public official from office through a special election.

What was the direct primary intended to achieve?

To give the selection of candidates back to the people, away from party bosses.

What significant labor reform was passed in California?

A child labor compensation law and limitations on women's working hours.

Who was WEB Du Bois?

An activist who wrote 'The Souls of Black Folk' and co-founded the NAACP.

What was the main focus of the Women's Christian Temperance Union?

To promote abstinence from alcohol and support the temperance movement.

What did the 18th Amendment accomplish?

It banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.

What is eugenics?

The science of altering reproductive processes to improve genetic qualities.

Who led the Socialist Party's 1912 presidential campaign?

Eugene V. Debs.

What was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act designed to do?

Prevent unfair competition methods in commerce.

What was the purpose of the Federal Trade Commission?

To enforce laws against unfair competition.

What did the Underwood Tariff of 1913 accomplish?

Lowered tariffs and established the Federal Reserve Bank.

What did the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 address?

Child labor laws.

What did the 16th Amendment establish?

Income and inheritance taxes.

What is social justice?

Justice that seeks to address societal issues beyond individual concerns.

Who were the muckrakers?

Journalists who exposed scandals, injustices, and corruption during the Progressive Era.

What was the significance of Ida Tarbell's work?

She investigated the Standard Oil Trust, highlighting corporate abuses.

What is the Social Gospel movement?

A movement applying Christian ethics to solve societal problems.

What role did the Salvation Army play in the Progressive Era?

Provided spiritual service and material aid to the poor.

What did the National American Women's Suffrage Association aim to achieve?

To promote women's suffrage in a less threatening manner.

What were Mugwumps?

Independent Republicans who opposed political corruption.

What did the Progressive Era emphasize regarding social cohesion?

The belief that individuals are part of a web of relationships.

What was the fear associated with antimonopoly movements?

Fear of concentrated power and the desire to disperse wealth.

Who was Jane Adams?

A social worker who opened the Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants.

What was the purpose of the American Medical Association?

To admit professionals by following strict, scientific standards.

What was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act?

An act to enforce competition by banning unfair methods in commerce.

What was the Keating Owen's Act of 1916?

A child labor law aimed at regulating child labor practices.

What was Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?

A program that combined elements of TR's New Nationalism with a focus on attacking banks, trusts, and tariffs.

What was the significance of the Federal Reserve System?

It was established to control the money supply, inflation, and credit.

What were the key goals of the Progressives?

Protecting social welfare, promoting morality, economic reform, and creating efficiency.

What role did muckrakers play during the Progressive Era?

They were investigative journalists who exposed corruption and wrongdoing in business and government.

What was the impact of the 18th and 19th Amendments?

They led to the prohibition of alcohol and granted women the right to vote.

Who was Robert La Follette?

A Republican from Wisconsin known for his progressive influence and reforms.

What reforms were passed under Robert La Follette's leadership?

Direct primary elections, regulation of railroads, initiatives and referendums, compensation for injured workers, and taxes on inherited fortunes.

What was the significance of the Pure Food and Drug Act?

It aimed to protect consumers by ensuring the safety and labeling of food and drugs.

What was the Square Deal?

Teddy Roosevelt's policy to protect people, conserve natural resources, and control corporations.

What was the impact of the Interstate Commerce Act?

It was strengthened by the Hepburn Act of 1906 to regulate railroad rates.

What was the role of women in the Progressive Era?

Women worked in settlement houses, formed clubs, and were active in the suffrage and temperance movements.

What was the significance of the Jim Crow laws?

They enforced racial segregation in the South and were part of the broader context of racial discrimination during the era.

Who were WEB Du Bois and Booker T. Washington?

Du Bois was a progressive advocate for civil rights, while Washington promoted a more moderate approach to racial issues.

What was the Panic of 1907?

A financial crisis that led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.

What was the significance of the 'Birth of a Nation' movie?

It was a controversial film that depicted racism and glorified the Ku Klux Klan.

What was the Triple Wall of Freedom?

Woodrow Wilson's strategy to attack banks, trusts, and tariffs to promote economic reform.

What was the role of the Federal Trade Commission?

To prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce.

What was the impact of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

It aimed to break up monopolies and promote competition.

What was the significance of the National Park System?

It was established to conserve natural resources and protect public lands.