[PHA 619 LAB] Prep #21-23 - Non-Aqueous Liquids: Spirits

These are clear, saturated, alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of volatile oil or aromatic substance.

Spirits

What is the alcohol content in spirits?

Over 60%

- High alcoholic content

What happens when spirits are mixed with water or with an aqueous preparation?

Formation of a turbid or milky preparation due to the volatile substances in the spirit separating from the solution

The active ingredient in spirits may be in what phases?

Solid, liquid, or gas

What is the common active ingredient in spirit?

Aromatic water

Spirits are also called?

Essences

Uses of spirits

- Flavoring agent (ex. Compound Orange Spirit)

- Internal use for their medicinal value

Spirits are stored in?

- Tight, light resistant container

- Cool place

Why are spirits packaged in tightly-closed containers and stored in a cool place?

To prevent evaporation and volatilization of either the alcohol or the active principle

What is the solvent used in spirits?

Alcohol

What are the four methods of preparation of spirits?

- Simple solution

- Solution with maceration

- Chemical reaction

- Distillation

How much volatile oil is added to the preparation using simple solution method?

65 mL per 1000 mL preparation

Method of preparation by submerging plant sample such as leaves in a suitable menstruum (solvent) to extract water-soluble component

Solution with maceration

Example spirit preparation that is prepared using maceration

Peppermint Spirit

Method of preparation that involves the reaction of two solutes to have resulting product

Chemical Reaction

Example spirit preparation that is prepared using chemical reaction

Ethyl nitrite spirit

- NaNO3 + Alcohol + H2SO4

It is a fermented juice of rice grapes.

Wine

It is a fermented mash of wholly germinated malted cereal grain.

Whisky

It is a fermented juice of fruits other than grapes.

Brandy

It is a distilled alcoholic spirit made from fermented sugarcane products, typically molasses or sugarcane juice.

Rum

It is a fermented alcoholic beverage typically made from malted barley, water, hops (for flavor and aroma), and yeast.

Beer

How much alcohol is present in brandy?

35-60% alcohol

Other name of brandy

Spiritus Vini Vitis

How much alcohol is present in whisky?

40-68% alcohol

Other name of whisky

Spiritus frumenti

Category of compound orange spirit

Non-medicated spirit

Synonyms of compound orange spirit

Spiritus Auranti Compositus

It is an alcoholic solution with the

odor of orange.

Compound Orange Spirit

What is the alcohol content in compound orange spirit?

65-70% ethanol

How much mixed oils should be present in compound orange spirit?

25-30% mixed oils

Uses of compound orange spirit

- Flavor elixir

- Permits uniform introduction of small proportion of oil

- Preserves orange and lemon oil from rapid oxidation

Label used in compound orange spirit

White label

Container used in compound orange spirit

30-mL amber bottle

Method of preparation done in compound orange spirit

Simple solution method

Storage conditions for compound orange spirit

- Tight and light-resistant container

- Cool place

Category of peppermint spirit

Medicated spirit

Synonyms of peppermint spirit

- Essence of peppermint

- Spiritus Menthos Piperitas

It is a clear brilliant, green solution with odor and taste of peppermint.

Peppermint Spirit

Uses of peppermint spirit

- Carminative (anti-flatulent) to relieve abdominal pain

- For nausea and vomiting

Label used in peppermint spirit

White label

Container used in peppermint spirit

15-mL amber bottle

Method of preparation done in peppermint spirit

Maceration method

Category of aromatic ammonia spirit

Spirit

Synonyms of aromatic ammonia spirit

- Smelling salts

- Sal volatile

- Salt of hartshorn

It is a clear, yellow solution with a strong ammonia odor.

Aromatic ammonia spirit

Uses of aromatic ammonia spirit

- Treats and prevents syncope (fainting)

- Respiratory stimulant

USP Formulation of aromatic ammonia spirit

Each 100 mL of preparation contains:

- NLT 1.7 g and NMT 2.1 g of the total ammonia

- NLT 3.5 g and NMT 4.5 g of ammonium carbonate

Use of ammonium carbonate in aromatic ammonia spirit

Source of ammonia

Label used in aromatic ammonia spirit

Red Label

Container used in aromatic ammonia spirit

30-mL amber bottle

Storage conditions of aromatic ammonia spirit

- Tight, light resistant container

- At temperature not exceeding 300C

How is aromatic ammonia spirit used?

Externally - Inhalation

- During inhalation, place a small amount of the solution between your fingers approximately 4 inches away from your nostrils, inhale the spirit.

Method of preparation used in preparing aromatic ammonia spirit

Simple Solution