Surgery World of Revision Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential surgical concepts, classifications, clinical signs, and anatomical landmarks based on the Marrow revision notes.

ASA Grade 1 and 2 (Ambulatory Surgery)

Eligible patients for standalone day care units.

Most common complication after day care surgery

Post-operative nausea and vomiting.

Most common complication requiring re-admission after day care surgery

Haemorrhage.

ERAS carbohydrate loading protocol

Patient is permitted to take clear carbohydrate rich liquids up to $2\,hours$ prior to surgery.

Grey IV Cannula

Size $16\,G$ with a maximal flow rate of $236\,mL/min$.

Surgical Safety Checklist: Sign out

Performed before the patient leaves the OT; involves gauze and instrument counts, specimen labelling, and confirmation of actual blood loss.

Trendelenburg position

Head end down ($\downarrow$) and foot end up ($\uparrow$), typically used for pelvic surgeries.

Durant’s position

Left lateral (Right side up) with legs up; used in the management of suspected air embolism.

Langer’s lines

Relaxed tension lines perpendicular to the action of underlying muscle; making incisions parallel to these lines results in minimal scarring.

Harmonic Scalpel

A device that uses ultrasonic oscillation ($20,000 - 50,000\,Hz$) for precise cutting and coagulation without producing heat.

Romovac suction drain

A closed drain system that uses negative pressure, commonly used after mastectomy, thyroidectomy, and neck dissection.

Vicryl (Polyglactin)

A synthetic, braided, absorbable suture material absorbed by hydrolysis within $60 - 90\,days$, commonly used for bowel, bladder, and CBD.

Salmon fluid sign (Serous fluid sign)

The oozing of serous fluid from a wound, clinically indicative of abdominal wound dehiscence or burst abdomen, usually on POD 6.

Clean-contaminated wounds

Surgical wounds involving the GI/GU system without inflammation; examples include elective cholecystectomy or LSCS.

Refeeding syndrome (electrolyte markers)

Metabolic derangements characterized by $\downarrow K^+$, $\downarrow Ca^{2+}$, and $\downarrow Mg^{2+}$, with hypophosphatemia ($\downarrow PO_4^{3-}$) being the main driver and cause of death.

Hemorrhagic Shock Class III

Characterized by $31 - 40\%$ ($1 - 1.5\,litres$) blood loss, pulse rate $> 120$, decreased systolic blood pressure, and a confused mental status.

Mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVOS)

The best biochemical indicator of systemic perfusion during fluid resuscitation in shock.

TRALI (Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury)

The most common cause of death after blood transfusion, caused by antibodies against HLA antigens leading to non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.

Peau d’orange (PDO)

A clinical sign of breast cancer characterized by skin thickening and dimpling like an orange peel, caused by involvement of subdermal lymphatics (T4b disease).

Triple Assessment

The standard diagnostic workup for breast disorders involving: 1. History + clinical examination, 2. Radiological investigation (USG or Mammogram), and 3. Histopathological investigation.

BIRADS 3

Result indicating a 'Probably benign' finding, requiring follow-up after $6\,months$.

BRCA 2

A gene mutation on Chromosome $13q$ associated with pancreatic, prostate, and male breast cancer.

Basal-like (Triple Negative Breast Cancer)

The most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer, seen in younger patients and positive for Cytokeratin 5/6.

Sistrunk surgery

The definitive management for a thyroglossal cyst, involving removal of the cyst, the mid-portion of the hyoid bone, and the tract up to the base of the tongue.

Berry’s ligament

A condensation of pre-tracheal fascia where the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) is most susceptible to injury during thyroid surgery.

Psammoma bodies

Histological findings seen in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, as well as serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and meningioma.

Pheochromocytoma (MRI characteristic)

Light bulb sign.

Zargar classification

The grading system used for endoscopic evaluation of corrosive injuries to the esophagus.

Bird’s beak appearance

The classic finding on a barium swallow for Achalasia Cardia.

Whipple’s triad

A diagnostic indicator for Insulinoma consisting of: 1. Fasting hypoglycemia symptoms, 2. Blood glucose $< 40\,mg/dL$, and 3. Rapid resolution of symptoms with glucose.

Hesselbach’s triangle

Defined by lateral (inferior epigastric vessels), medial (rectus abdominis), and inferior (inguinal ligament) boundaries; site of direct inguinal hernias.

Triangle of Doom

An anatomical area during laparoscopic hernia repair bounded medially by the vas deferens and laterally by testicular vessels, containing external iliac vessels.

Rule of 10 (Cleft Lip)

Criteria for repair at $3\,months$: $10\,weeks$ of age, $10\,gm\%$ Hemoglobin, and $10\,lbs$ weight.

Parkland formula

Formula for burns resuscitation fluid: $4\,mL \times \text{body weight (kg)} \times \% \text{ TBSA burned}$ administered over $24\,hours$.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Severe

A score of $3$ to $8$, indicating severe head injury.