Simple View of Writing

What are the two primary modalities of written language?

Reading and Writing.

What is the formula for the Simple View of Reading?

Reading Comprehension = Decoding x Linguistic Comprehension.

Define Decoding in the context of written language.

It is the process of translating letters into sounds and interpreting printed words.

What are the components involved in Linguistic Comprehension?

Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Describe a situation where decoding skills are high but comprehension is low.

An example is a hyperlexic kindergartner who reads fluently but lacks understanding.

List the steps involved in the Writing Process Model by Hayes & Berninger (2014).

Planning, Translating, and Revising.

At what grade levels do students typically succeed at planning and translating according to developmental insights?

1st to 3rd grade.

When do students usually improve their revising skills?

Closer to 4th to 6th grade.

What are the three components of the Simple View of Writing according to Berninger & Amtmann (2003)?

Text Generation, Transcription, and Executive Functions.

What do the Common Core Writing Standards (Grades K-5) emphasize?

Planning, drafting, revising, and editing.

How do expectations for writing skills change as students advance through grades K-5?

Skills in planning, drafting, and revising are expected to gradually increase.