Sports medicine - knee for MSC

how many joints in knee/ names of joints

2- patellofemoral & tibiofemoral

how many compartments in knee/ names

3-patellofemoral, medial, & lateral

articular cartilage

distributes the stress of the upper body- aneural & avascular (no blood supply)

Primary Stabilizers (4 ligaments of the knee) *

4- ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

ACL origin and insertion*

lateral femoral condyle-> intercondylar eminence of tibia

in extension describe all bundles *

AM bundle is lax

PL bundle is tight

mechanism of ACL injuries

non contact pivoting

name the bundles in the ACL*

anterior medial & posterior lateral

in flexion describe all bundles*

AM is tight

PL is lax

what is the purpose of the ACL *

rotational stability of the knee

and prevents anterior translation of the knee

what is valgus and what does it open

Valgus is knock kneed and it opens the medial compartment

what is varus and what does it open *

varus is bow legged and it opens the lateral compartment

what is the insertion of the PCL on the femur

medial femoral condyle

what movement does the PCL regulate

posterior translation relative to the femur

what resists axial rotation of the knee

MCL

articular cartilage is also referred to as *

hyaline cartilage

what types of cells are in cartilage

chondrocytes

bursa function

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

what is the insertion of the hamstrings

the pet anserine

quadriceps tendons

vastus lateralis, vastus medius , vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

what is the anatomical name for the IT band

the iliotibial band

what kind of fluid is in the knee joint

synovial fluid

Ligament of Humphrey

posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

2 bundles of PCL

anterolateral and posteromedial

PCL bundles when knee is in extension

AL is lax

PM is tight

PCL bundle when knee is in flexion

AL is tight

PM is lax

PCL resists___

varus, valgus & external rotation

anatomy of PCL compared to ACL

PCL very robust so less tears

LCL vs MCL

LCL is shorter and less disrupted

what is the new focus of knee pathologies

the anterolateral ligament

origin of ALL

lateral femoral epicondyle

insertion of ALL

anterolateral tibia

action of ALL

controls internal tibial rotation

during flexion which direction do the quads pull the patella

laterally

The MPFL prevents the patella from slipping in what direction?

lateral displacement

secondary stabilizers of the knee

menisci (MM,LM), biceps femoris (quad tendons), IT band

fibrocartilaginous means ...

cartilage in which the matrix is largely composed of fibers like those of ordinary connective tissue

MCL & LCL texture

rubbery b/c fibrocartilaginous structure

medial meniscus shape

C shaped

medial meniscus origin

anterior connection to lateral meniscus via transverse ligament

what is the medial meniscus anchored by

medial coronary ligament

action of medial meniscus

limits A-P meniscal motion , absorbs varus compression

shape of lateral meniscus

O shaped

what is unique about the lateral meniscus

it floats so handles stress better

composition of articular cartilage

water, proteoglycans, cells

tibial plateau slope

7-10 decrees posteriorly

what is the capsule of the knee

the major structure that provides the environment for joint nutrition aka synovial fluid

bursa associated with the knee

prepatellar bursa, subcutaneous bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa

what tendons attach to the medial aspect of the tibia

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

part of tibia where surgeon will release attatchment of gracilis & semi T

pes anserine

extensor muscles

rectus femoris, vasts lateralis, vastus intermedius

where do extensor muscles insert

proximal part of patella

action of extensor muscles

extend leg at knee & flex thigh at hip joint

stabilizer of knee extension & flexion

IT band

neurological bundle of leg

popliteal artery & vein, post tibial vein, saphenous vein

what is a very important area to avoid in the knee

posterior neuromuscular bundle

what type of cartilage makes up the meniscus *

fibrocartilage