Par Heart and Lungs

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44 Terms

1

How does exercise effect the cardiorespiratory

system?

  • cardiac output

  • capillary supply

  • blood volume

  • ventilation

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2

Cardiovascular anatomy…

heart, peripheral circulatory system, RBCs

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3

What does the cardiovascular system do

  • supplies muscles and organs with O2

  • removes metabolic by-products from tissues

  • critical for performance

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4

Heart muscle layers…

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium

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5

Endocardium

innermost, lines heart cahmbers, allows smooth blood flow

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6

Myocardium

middle, think and muscular, pumps blood

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7

Epicardium

outer, thin, protective

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8

Pericardium

protective outer sac, loosly surrounds heart

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9

Right ventricle has…

deoxygenated blood, and sends it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

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10

Left ventricle has…

Oxygenated blood, send it to the body via the aorta

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11

right atrium has…

Deoxygenated blood from body

Via superior/inferior

vena cava

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12

left atrium has…

Oxygenated blood from lungs

Via pulmonary vein

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13

Semiulnar valves…

Open when ventricles contract to direct blood flow into arteries

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14

Pulmonary valve

R vent> Pulmonary artery

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15

Aortic valve

L vent> aorta

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16

Blood Pathway

  1. Blood into R atrium via sup/inf vena cava (Deox)

  2. Blood flows to right ventricle via tricuspid valve (Doex)

  3. R vent pumps blood to lungs through pulmonary valve via pulmonary artery (Deox)

  4. Blood into L atrium from lungs via pumonary vein (OX)

  5. L atrium pumps blood to L vent via bicuspid valve (OX)

  6. L vent pumps blood to the body through aortic valve, via aorta

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17

What is the sinus node?

Bundle of nerve fibers that control heart rate

inside right atrium wall

Generate a nerve impulse (action potential)

Causes muscle walls to contract

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18

Systolic BP

During ventricular contraction (systole)

How hard heart works

Strain against arterial walls during contraction

Top number

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19

Diastolic BP

During heart relaxation (diastole)

Indicates peripheral BP (outside the heart)

Ease with which blood flows from arterioles to

capillaries

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20

hypertension is…

high blood pressure

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21

What is cardiac output?

Amount of blood pumped by heart into aorta each minute

Quantity of blood that flows into peripheral circulation

Stroke vol * Heart Rate = Cardiac output

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22

What is stroke volume?

Amount of blood (ml) pumped out of left ventricle per heartbeat

Resting: 70 ml

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23

What is heart rate?

Rhythmical contraction of the heart walls (beats per minute, bpm)

Resting: 40-70 bpm

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24

What is intensity of work?

Estimated by measuring heart rate via carotid or radial pulse

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25

Peripheral circulatory system consists of…

Consists of blood vessels made up of layers of tissue

Smooth muscle cell layer allow vessels to contact

This regulates blood flow throughout the body

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26

Arteries carry blood____ from the heart

away

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27

Arterioles are…

Small vessels that branch from arteries

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28

Capillaries are…

Tiny vessels that branch from arterioles

Composed only of endothelial cells

O2, nutrient, by-products exchange

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29

Veins carry blood____the heart

towards

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30

Venules are…

Small vessels that branch from veins

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31

valves do….

Open with blood flowing towards heart

Close with blood flowing away from heart

prevent backflow

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32

Plasma is…

transport fluid

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33

Platelets are..

the clot forming component

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34

white blood cells are…

infection fighting cells

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35

RBC make up ___% of blood volume

45%= hematocrit

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36

RBCs carry O2 from ____>____

lungs to body tissues

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37

RBCs carry CO2 from ____>____

body tissues to lungs

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38

Transport of CO2

Tissues>blood>lungs>air

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39

Transport of CO2 helps regulate

Ionic equilibrium (chloride shift)

  • Ph balance (bicarbonate)

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40

O2 uptake is…

VO2, Amount of O2 consumed due to aerobic

metabolism, measured as O2 volume consumed in one minute

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41

Calculation of VO2 max

= cardiac output (central component, amnt of O2 delivered by cardio system) * a-v O2 difference (peripheral component, amnt of O2 extracted by skeletal msc)

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42

2 factors affecting O2 delivery

  1. cardiac output

  2. hematocrit

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43

What is cardiac output?

Amount of blood pumped by the heart

Determines O2 volume delivered to tissues

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44

what is hematocrit?

Concentration of red blood cells

Determines amount of O2 per a volume of blood

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