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Custodial sentencing 4 aims:
deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, rehabilitation
What is deterrence
Unpleasant prison experience is designed to put off the individual
general deterrence - send a broad message to members of a society that crime will not be tolerated
individual deterrence - prevent individual from repeating the same crime considering their experience
What is incapacitation
Offender is taken out of society to prevent reoffending to protect the public
depends upon the severity of the offence and the nature of the offender
What is retribution
society is enacting revenge for the crime by making offender suffer - suffering is proportionate to the crime
based on the notion of an ‘eye for an eye’
many see prison as the best option
What is rehabilitation
upon release, offender should leave better adjusted and ready for society
prison should provide opportunities to develop skills and training or to access treatment programmes for drug addiction, and give offender the change to reflect on their crime
Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
stress and depression - suicide rates are higher in prisons, stress also increase risk of psychological disturbance following release
institutionalisation - inmates may become accustomed to prison life, they are no longer able to function outside
prisonisation - how prisoners are socialised to an ‘inmate code’ - behaviours unacceptable in outside world may be encouraged and rewarded inside walls of institution
