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49 Terms

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Culture
A set of beliefs and practices that define a group of people.
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Music Culture
A set of musical practices that define a group of people.
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Enculturation
The way infants learn culture.
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Acculturation
The process that occurs when two or more cultures meet and exchange ideas.
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Appropriation
The way we pick up ideas in life and incorporate them into who we are.
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Organology
The study of musical instruments.
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Aerophones
Wind instruments that produce sound through vibrating air.
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Chordophones
String instruments that produce sound when strings vibrate.
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Membranophones
Percussion instruments that produce sound through vibrating membranes.
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Idophones
Instruments that produce sound by vibrating their material.
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Electronophones
Instruments that create sound using electronic means.
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Frequency
The scientific measure of pitch.
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Amplitude
The scientific measure of volume.
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Spectrum
The scientific measure of timbre.
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Rhythm
A set of patterns in music.
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Meter
The time signatures that organize music rhythmically.
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Rubato
The lack of a steady beat, allowing for a flexible tempo.
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Melody
What we hear on the top of the music layer.
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Scale
A set of notes ordered by pitch.
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Ornamentation
Different styles or embellishments in musical performance.
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Syllabic singing
Singing where each syllable corresponds to a single note.
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Melismatic singing
Singing with multiple notes per syllable.
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Harmony
What happens underneath the melody, contributing to the richness of music.
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Chord
Three or more simultaneous notes sounding at the same time.
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Monophony
Music texture with a single melodic line.
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Heterophony
Music texture involving two or more voices playing the same thing.
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Polyphony
Music texture with two or more independent melodies occurring at the same time.
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Form
How the music is constructed.
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Role of music in Native culture
Music is linked to rituals, songs are owned by individuals, and it carries spiritual significance.
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Vision quest
A spiritual journey in Native culture where songs may come to a person.
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Efficacy
The effectiveness of songs judged by their ability to carry out spiritual tasks.
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Vocables
Non-lexical syllables used in music.
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Plainsong
Simple, easy songs utilized in singing from songbooks.
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Shape Notes
A system where different shapes indicate different notes to aid singing.
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Spirituals
Hymns used by African Americans during the Great Awakenings.
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Call and response
A musical form where a leader's call is followed by a group's response.
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Ring Shout
A dance form developed in isolated African American communities using body parts as instruments.
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Ballads
Narrative songs used to tell stories, originating from England and Ireland.
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Broadside ballads
Text printed on a sheet and set to familiar music.
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Murder ballads
Ballads that tell stories about murder.
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Minstrelsy
A form of entertainment that included blackface and depicted African Americans in stereotypical ways.
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Stephen Foster
The first American musician known for popular songwriting.
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19th-century bands
Brass bands and fife and drum corps that played classical and popular music.
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Vaudeville
A theatrical variety show popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Folk Song Collecting
The practice of documenting traditional songs, notably by figures like Francis James Child.
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Protest Song
Songs that promote social or political change, commonly associated with the 1960s.
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Hutchinson Family
A family known for their social advocacy through song in the 19th century.
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Nativists vs. expatriates
Nativists seek an exclusively American identity in music, while expatriates look beyond America.
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Cloaked meanings
Hidden messages within spiritual texts used during the era of slavery.