Untitled Flashcards Set

Culture

A set of beliefs and practices that define a group of people.

Music Culture

A set of musical practices that define a group of people.

Enculturation

The way infants learn culture.

Acculturation

The process that occurs when two or more cultures meet and exchange ideas.

Appropriation

The way we pick up ideas in life and incorporate them into who we are.

Organology

The study of musical instruments.

Aerophones

Wind instruments that produce sound through vibrating air.

Chordophones

String instruments that produce sound when strings vibrate.

Membranophones

Percussion instruments that produce sound through vibrating membranes.

Idophones

Instruments that produce sound by vibrating their material.

Electronophones

Instruments that create sound using electronic means.

Frequency

The scientific measure of pitch.

Amplitude

The scientific measure of volume.

Spectrum

The scientific measure of timbre.

Rhythm

A set of patterns in music.

Meter

The time signatures that organize music rhythmically.

Rubato

The lack of a steady beat, allowing for a flexible tempo.

Melody

What we hear on the top of the music layer.

Scale

A set of notes ordered by pitch.

Ornamentation

Different styles or embellishments in musical performance.

Syllabic singing

Singing where each syllable corresponds to a single note.

Melismatic singing

Singing with multiple notes per syllable.

Harmony

What happens underneath the melody, contributing to the richness of music.

Chord

Three or more simultaneous notes sounding at the same time.

Monophony

Music texture with a single melodic line.

Heterophony

Music texture involving two or more voices playing the same thing.

Polyphony

Music texture with two or more independent melodies occurring at the same time.

Form

How the music is constructed.

Role of music in Native culture

Music is linked to rituals, songs are owned by individuals, and it carries spiritual significance.

Vision quest

A spiritual journey in Native culture where songs may come to a person.

Efficacy

The effectiveness of songs judged by their ability to carry out spiritual tasks.

Vocables

Non-lexical syllables used in music.

Plainsong

Simple, easy songs utilized in singing from songbooks.

Shape Notes

A system where different shapes indicate different notes to aid singing.

Spirituals

Hymns used by African Americans during the Great Awakenings.

Call and response

A musical form where a leader's call is followed by a group's response.

Ring Shout

A dance form developed in isolated African American communities using body parts as instruments.

Ballads

Narrative songs used to tell stories, originating from England and Ireland.

Broadside ballads

Text printed on a sheet and set to familiar music.

Murder ballads

Ballads that tell stories about murder.

Minstrelsy

A form of entertainment that included blackface and depicted African Americans in stereotypical ways.

Stephen Foster

The first American musician known for popular songwriting.

19th-century bands

Brass bands and fife and drum corps that played classical and popular music.

Vaudeville

A theatrical variety show popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Folk Song Collecting

The practice of documenting traditional songs, notably by figures like Francis James Child.

Protest Song

Songs that promote social or political change, commonly associated with the 1960s.

Hutchinson Family

A family known for their social advocacy through song in the 19th century.

Nativists vs. expatriates

Nativists seek an exclusively American identity in music, while expatriates look beyond America.

Cloaked meanings

Hidden messages within spiritual texts used during the era of slavery.