Genetics Week 1

Gene

Segment of DNA that has info to produce a functional protein. Basic unit of heredity

Trait

Any characteristic an organism displays

4 macromolecules

Nucleic acid, protein, carbohydrate, lipids

Proteome

Collection of proteins that a cell makes at a given time

DNA

Genetic makeup of living organisms

Codon

3 base sequence that specifies 1 amino acid

DNA bases

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

Alleles

Alternate version of a gene

Molecular level

Transcription and translation produce proteins

Cellular Level

Proteins function within the structure of a cell

Organism Level

Traits at the organism level arise from the molecular and cellular level

Population Level Example

Evolution

Morphs

Contrasting forms in one species

Norm of reaction

a genotype can produce different traits due to environmental factors

What did Gregor Mendel do

described basic principles of inheritance

Homologous Chromsomes

2 complete sets of chromosomes, one form each parent

Transmission Genetics

Examines traits from parents to offspring

Molecular Genetics

Focuses on molecular features of DNA and how they underlie gene expression

Population Genetics

Developing mathematical theories to explain prevalence of certain alleles within a population

Haploid

Cell that has one set of chromosomes (gametes)

Example of molecular genetics

study the effects of drugs on gene expression

Diploid

Contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes

What is an example of a diploid cell

Somatic cell

Chromosome

Cellular structure that contains genetic information

How is genetics an experimental science

hypotheses are tested by performing experiments