Mau Mau/Apartheid/Nelson Mandela

Where are the Mau Mau from and who are they based on perspective?

Kenya; either freedom fighters or terrorists based on perspective

When was the Mau Mau revolt?

Mau Mau revolted against GB colonial rule from 1952-1960

What were the issues the Mau Mau had that caused them to revolt?

1) Expulsion of Kikuyu from farm land 2) Loss of land to white settlers 3) Poverty and lack of political representation for Africans

How many white people died in the 8 Year Uprising?

32 white settlers died and 200 British soldiers/police (232 total)

How many Mau Mau died in the 8 Year Uprising?

1800 African civilians killed and 20,000 Mau Mau killed

In the Uprising, who vs who?

Much violence took place between Mau Mau and loyalists (Kikuyu loyal to GB)

What did the Uprising look like?

Civil War

Who made up most of the Mau Mau?

Mostly the Kikuyu people (largest ethnic group/tribe in Kenya)

Who were the Mau Mau?

The militant/radical branch that took action

How did original members join the Mau Mau?

Original members were threatened/intimidated into joining the Mau Mau

What did the Mau Mau believe regarding the oath?

Believed joining the Mao Mao was binding and if someone backed out they would die

What was Great Britain’s reaction to the Mau Mau’s beliefs about the oath?

Started de-oathing ceremonies and reached out to fellow Kikuyu for support (didn’t want war)

What were the Round Ups?

Massive round ups of Kikuyu (150,000 hung or sent to detention camps)

Where were the Mau Mau based?

Based mostly in forested areas but did wage wars in cities

What was the Lori Massacre?

Largest massacre site, Mau Mau attacked loyalist home guard families killing 75 and wounding 50

How many Mau Mau did GB kill in retaliation to the Lori Massacre?

400+

What was the turning point in the conflict between GB and Mau Mau?

Lori Massacre because it forced Kikuyu to pick a side

What happened in 1960? (Mau Mau-GB Conflict, By 1957, forced armies mostly defeated)

GB ends emergency declaration and implemented reforms

What happened in 1963? (Mau Mau-GB Conflict)

Jomo Kenyatta becomes 1st president of Kenya

What happened in 2013? (Mau Mau-GB Conflict)

GB government agreed to pay 5,228 Mau Mau victims $20 million euros (to split) for their actions

Where was the Apartheid? 1948-1994

South Africa

Definition of Apartheid

Separateness in Afrikaans

What is the South African (main) language called Afrikaans similar to?

Similar to Dutch South African

What was the colonization of South Africa similar to?

Similar to USA/America; GB gave South Africa independence, no whites living there, and whites still in charge (voting)

What were the 1940’s National Party Laws?

National Party implemented all types of racist laws in marriage, registration, and segregation

What were the 3 Groups the population registration created?

1) Bantu: blacks 2) Whites 3) Colored: mix ancestry

How were things divided in South Africa?

Everything was divided between whites and blacks and whites were the smallest group yet had all the power

What did the UN do in 1962?

They condemned the situation in South Africa ~ international sports banned in South Africa and countries stopped trading with them

What was the situation in South Africa domestically?

The people rioted and protested but put down harshly by the government

What did Pieter Botha do when elected towards the end of the South African Apartheid?

Pieter Botha repealed many of the laws and in 1990 ended censorship of media (but not enough)

What happened to Nelson Mandela?

Freed from jail after serving 27 years for terrorism

What happened in 1992 in the South African Apartheid situation?

Last white only election that ended Apartheid

What happened in 1994 officially ending the South African conflict/Apartheid system?

Nelson Mandela elected president (1st black president of South Africa)

How much time did Nelson Mandela spend in prison?

Spent 27 years in prison from 1962 to 1990 (trying to end pro-apartheid government)

Who was the first black president of South Africa in 1994?

Nelson Mandela

Where did Mandela get the nickname ‘Nelson’?

Nelson was a nickname given to Mandela by his school teacher

What subject did Mandela study and with who?

Mandela studied law at university and met some of his fellow activists against the Apartheid whilst he was studying

Which country colonized South Africa?

Britain took over Dutch colony in 1815 and South Africa became part of GB

What was the ANC’s (African National Congress) desire?

Wanted black South Africans to have the same rights as white South Africans

What happened with Mandela and ANC?

Nelson Mandela joined ANC

What did Mandela start?

Mandela and a man named Oliver Tambo set up South Africa’s first black law firm

What group did Mandela lead?

Mandela lead young people in the ANC

What was the event at Sharpeville in 1960 and how many people were killed?

People had a demonstration against Apartheid at Sharpeville and 69 people were killed

What was “Ukhonto we sizwe” and what did Mandela have to do with it?

Mandela became the leader of a secret army named “Ukhonto we sizwe” or “the spear of the nation”

What was Nelson Mandela convicted of in 1962?

Convicted of being a terrorist and sabotaging the nation

Which prison was Mandela sent to and for how long?

Sent to Robben Island Prison for 18 years (later transferred: 27 total years in prison)

Who set Mandela free in 1990?

South Africa’s president F.W. de Klerk set Mandela free

Who came up with the Rainbow Nation?

Archbishop Desmond Tutu (another famous South African) and Nelson Mandela called South Africa a “Rainbow Nation”

Why was South Africa called a rainbow nation?

Because people of all races and skin colors were working together