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physical and human

what are the two types of geography?

physical geography

the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes

human geography

the branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the Earth's surface

cartography

the science or art of making maps. The "charting" of the earth

distortion

what is the flaw in turning 3D maps to flat maps?

reference and thematic

what are the two types of maps?

reference map

type of map that shows locations of places and geographic features. it also shows absolute locations and is the most common type of map

thematic map

type of map that tells a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of its distribution or its movement. it also shows relative location

mental maps

maps that we carry in our minds of places we have been to and places we have heard of. can be form correctly or incorrectly based on the influence of media

terra incognita

unknown land, place that we know are there but we don't know any details about them

paths

movement from one place to another (roads, sidewalks, etc.)

the more frequent you travel on a path, the more you become familiar with it

what about paths?

accessibility

the idea that if you have access to another path, then you can go to more places

activity spaces

places we travel routinely in our rounds of daily activity (place we are the most familiar with)

location, place, human environmental interaction, movement, and regions

what are the five themes of geography?

absolute and relative

what are the two types of locations?

relative location

type of location where you are in relation to something else, dynamic (can change)

absolute location

the exact location of an object, static (cannot be changed), uses longitude and latitude

latitude

lines that run east and west, parallel lines, never intersects

longitude

north south lines that measures east and west of your prime meridian

meridian

any line that runs 0º is called a .

international date line

what is the 180º line called?

divide the earth into timezones

what is the international date line used for?

geographic information system

GIS

GIS

storing information in LAYERS, bringing maps together, taking things apart from a certain area, allows for more interaction and data collection on area

dispersion

the amount of something in a given area

density

how COMPACT/spread out something is in a certain area

physical and human

what are the two types of place?

physical place

place that has differences that include naturally occurring phenomenas (climate, landforms, etc)

human place

characteristics of the people who inhabit a spot on Earth (culture related), groups that migrate and leave an impact on an area

place names

names that people put on places that are important to them (representative of history)

site

the internal physical attributes of a place, including its ABSOLUTE location, its spatial character and physical setting

sense of place

infusing a place with meaning and emotion. INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION

perception of place

belief or understanding of what a place is like, often based on books, movies, etc.

human environmental interaction

how humans use the environment and adapt it in their everyday lives

environmental determinism

philosophy, view on human behavior and success is strongly affected and determined by the physical environment. A WAY OF THINKING, when civilizations consume resources, what are the effects of those resources?

possibilism

natural environment limits the range of available choices; humans are the sole factor in determining their own direction and success. HUMANS RESPONSIBLE

global interdependence

concept of movement from one place to another provides the key link to geographers in explaining how we are all connected

migration

people moving

diffusion

ideas moving

culture

all-encompassing term that identifies the tangible lifestyle of people and their prevailing values and beliefs

hearth

starting point of a culture

diffusion

the process of dissemination, the spread of an ideas from its starting point to other ideas

time distance decay and cultural barriers

what prevents/slows down diffusion?

time distance decay

the longer and the further it takes for an idea to reach a destination, the less impact

must be receptive

place receiving impact of diffusion…

expansion diffusion

type of diffusion that spreads outward from the hearth

contagious diffusion

type of diffusion that spreads out adjacently (spreads to area around hearth). don't have a choice of accepting it

hierarchical diffusion

spreads to the most linked people or places first. goes to people who are willing to accept the diffusion and not all people will be affected by it

stimulus diffusion

idea promotes a local experiment or change in culture. changes the idea to something that a culture can accept (at first, the change is not acceptable, so they change it so it is acceptable)

relocation diffusion

movement of individuals who carry an idea or innovations with them to a new perhaps distant location. MUST be through physical movement of humans

makes borders between countries irrelevant

what does globalization do in terms of countries?

formal region

area that is defined by commonality, typically a cultural linkage or physical characteristics

functional region

region defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within it

perceptual region

ideas about regions that exist in the mind and is INDIVIDUAL

rap music

example of hierarchical diffusion

maharaja burger

example of stimulus diffusion

diseases

example of contagious diffusion

iPod

example of globalization

location of a city using latitude and longitude

example of location

fieldwork

study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact

medical geography

study of health and disease within a geographical context and perspective

pandemic

an outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide

epidemic

regional outbreak of a disease

location theory

logical attempt to explain patterns of an economic activity that are interrelated

connectivity

degree of direct linkage between one area to the next through transportation

sequent occupance

motion that successive societies leave their cultural imprint on a place. Relates to cultural landscape

geographical placement system

GPS

GPS

satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or features

geocaching

a hunt for a circle, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the internet by other geographers

remote sensing

a method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments far away

culture trait

single element of normal practice in a culture

culture complex

related set of cultural traits

cultural ecology

the multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment

political ecology

an approach to studying nature - society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect and are the result of the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated

scale

the relationship between a distance portrayed on a map and the same distance on the Earth, the representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization

area, shape, and distance

what are the three "things" that maps can distort?

Carl Sauer

Who defined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis?

why of where

Geography attempts to answer why things happen where they do. This is called…

by adding in the question "so what?"

how do geographers answer the "why of where" questions?

analyze the reason why it matters and what special roles does it play

what is the meaning of the question "so what?"

spatial distribution map

type of map that shows how something is distributed across space or an area

map projection

a mathematical method that involves transferring Earth's sphere onto a flat surface

region

a territory that encompasses many places that share similar physical and or cultural attributes

Wilbur Zelinsky

Who tackled the task of defining and delimiting the perceptual regions of the United Sates and southern Canada?

globalization

a set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders, the expansion of economic, political, and cultural process to the point were they become global on scale and impact

location

one of the five themes of geography that can be absolute or relative, the geographical situation of people or things

place

one of the five themes of geography that describes the human and physical characteristics of a location

human environmental interaction

one of the five themes of geography that considers to how humans adapt to and modify the environment

movement

one of the five themes of geography that studies the movement and migration across the planet

region

one of the five themes of geography that divides the world into manageable units for geographic study. has some sort of a characteristic that unifies the area

infant mortality

the number of infants dying

population density

measure of total populative relative to land size

arithmetic density

measure of ALL of the land, including bodies of water

physiological density

number of people per unit data of agriculturally productive/arable land

arable

land that is farmable is called .

physiological density

which is more accurate: physiological density or arithmetic density?

doesn't take distribution into account

what is the difficulty of arithmetic density?

removes everything that isn't arable

what does physiological density do that arithmetic density doesn't?

population distribution

descriptions of places where people are spread out. PEOPLE AREN'T EVENLY DISTRIBUTED