Ch 4 microbio

staphi

clusters of cells

strepto

chain of cells

3 parts of bacterial flagellum

basal body (attaches flagellum to cell wall), hook (rotation), filament (propulsion)

polar flagella

attached at one or both ends of cell

peritrichious or nonpolar flagella

scattered around the cell randomly

atrichous

bacteria has no flagella and cant move

chemotaxis

response to a chemical like food or antibiotics

photoaxis

movement due to light source

axial filament

2 or more long coiled threads found in spirochetes - like corkscrew to move cell

fimbria

small briscle like things extending from surface - facilitate biofilm - E.coli

conjugation

allows 2 bacteria to exchange genetic bacteria

pilus

permits conjugation, long tube that links cells (gram negative only)

glycocalyx

structure found outside of cell wall

LPS can cause

endotoxin - fever and shock

Mycobacterium

mycolic acid - tuberculosis and leprosy - acid fast stain

Mycoplasma

no cell wall - sterols in membrane - pleomorphic

cytoplasm

site of metabolic reactions - dna, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

chromosome

single dna molecule in nucleoid - non-essential - protective traits - genetic engineering

ribosomes

protein synthesis - rna + protein - bacteria 70s eukaryotes 80s

endospores

allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions - 2 life stages: vegetative cell active and endospore dormant

sporulation

vegatative cell turning into endospore due to unfavorable conditions

germination

endospore to vegetative cell - requires water nutrients and germination agent