Application Layer - Networking Concepts

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to the application layer in computer networking.

Application Layer

The layer of a networking model that interacts with software applications to provide services such as email, web browsing, and file transfer.

Client-Server Architecture

A model where client processes request and receive services from centralized server processes.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture

A decentralized model where each participant (peer) can act as both a client and a server.

Socket

An endpoint for sending or receiving data across a network.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The protocol used for transferring web pages on the internet.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

A protocol for sending emails between servers.

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)

A protocol used for retrieving emails from a mail server.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

A protocol that allows users to access and manage their emails on the server.

DNS (Domain Name System)

A hierarchical system for naming resources on the internet, translating human-readable hostnames to IP addresses.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A connection-oriented, reliable protocol for transmitting data over the internet.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

An alternative to TCP that is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery or order of packets.

Content Distribution Networks (CDNs)

A system of distributed servers that deliver web content and media to users based on their geographic location.

Video Streaming

The process of transmitting video content over the internet in real-time to viewers.

Cookies

Data stored on the user's computer by the web browser while browsing a website, used to remember information about the user.

Web Caching

A technique used to store copies of files or web pages to reduce latency and bandwidth usage.

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Attack

An attempt to disrupt the normal functioning of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming it with a flood of traffic.

Bandwidth

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network path.

RTT (Round Trip Time)

The time it takes for a signal to go from the sender to the receiver and back again.

BitTorrent

A communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing that allows users to distribute data over the internet.

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)

A technique for streaming video over the internet that adapts to the user's bandwidth conditions.