TEST - Unit 4 - Physical Fitness

The offense includes the ______.

quarterback, running backs, wide receivers, and the offensive line

The main purpose of the defense is to _______, often by tackling the quarterback.

prevent the offense from advancing and scoring

The quarterback's job is to throw the ball to the receivers or hand it off to the running back.

When the receiver catches the ball it is called a reception.

The offense gets four chances to get a first down (10 yards); each time the offense gets a first down, they get _______.

four more chances to get another first down.

Defense: The _______, who is located on the pitcher's mound in the _______ and part of whose job it is to strike out the batter

pitcher, center of the infield

Defense: The ______, who is located ______ and part of whose job it is to catch any ball near home plate

catcher, just behind the batter

Defense: The ______, who are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd basemen and the _____.

infielders, shortstop

Defense: The ______, located at left field, center field, and right field.

outfielders

If the ball is caught in the air or fielded successfully by the defense, the batter will be out.

If the ball gets past the defender, the batter will record a hit and reach base safely.

What is the main goal in football?

To score points by advancing the ball into the opponent's end zone (a touchdown) or kicking it through their goalposts (a field goal).

How many players are on the football field for each team, and what are their roles?

Each team has 11 players on the field, including offense, defense, and special teams units.

How does the football game progress?

Teams alternate possession, and the offense has four downs to move the ball 10 yards or score. If unsuccessful, possession changes.

What are the ways to score in football?

Touchdown (6 points), Field Goal (3 points), Safety (2 points), and Extra Points after a touchdown (1 or 2 points).

______ publicly admitted using steroids to enhance his performance throughout his professional career, including the ______, when he broke what was then the record for the ______ in a season.

Mark McGwire, 1998 season, single number of home runs

In 1989, ______ agreed to permanent ineligibility from baseball for gambling on games while _______ and later as a manager for the Cincinnati Reds.

Pete Rose, serving as a player

On February 9, 1895, _____ created the game of ______. Soon, ______ recognized the volleying nature of the game and christened this new sport, volleyball.

William Morgan, Mintonette, Alfred Halstead

plyometrics

the act of stretching and contracting the muscles in a consistent and repeated motion

Plyometric exercises train the muscles to pre-stretch before the athlete jumps.

This pre-stretch allows the muscle to store energy which permits the player to jump higher.

How is the winner of a volleyball match determined?

A match consists of up to 5 games. The first team to win 3 games is the victor! For the first 4 games, 25 points wins, but the 5th game (if needed) only goes to 15 points.

The recreational volleyball player needs to perfect three basic skills in order to participate in volleyball. They are:

the serve, the set, and the pass.

center circle

a designated space in the center of a soccer field where the kickoffs occur. Both teams must stay out of the circle until the ball is kicked.

coach

a person who trains an athlete or a team of athletes

dribbling

the act of advancing the ball by foot, using short, repetitive kicks

end lines or goal lines

the field boundary lines running along its width at each end; the end/goal line runs right across the front of the goal and it is the line which a ball must completely cross for a goal to be scored

field

the rectangular area where soccer is played

forwards or strikers

the offensive players, positioned on the opposing team's side of the field during play

fullbacks

the defensive players whose primary function is to prevent the opposing team from scoring

goal

the area on the field behind the goalie in which goals are scored

goal box

the designated area on a soccer field in which the goalie may use his or her hands to pick up the ball

goalkeeper or goalie

the only player allowed to use his hands and arms to prevent the ball from going into the goal

halfway line

the line across the middle of the length of the field that splits it into two halves; also known as the center line or midway line

midfielders

the team's offensive and defensive players; they play behind their forwards

passing

when a player kicks the ball to his teammate

penalty arc

the half circle at the top of the penalty box

penalty box

the area on the field in front of the goal

penalty mark

found within the penalty box; all penalty kicks originate there

shooting

the term used to describe the offensive player's attempt to score a goal

sidelines (touchlines)

the lines that run along the length of the field on each side; fans and coaches are required to watch on the sidelines not the goal lines

trapping

the term used to describe the action a player takes to control the ball

It was believed that soccer began in England as an offshoot of ______, but experts now agree that the ancient Chinese game of ______ was the earliest form of soccer.

rugby, cuju

The official size for an adult soccer field can range from ______ by 100 to 130 yards long.

50 to 100 yards wide

A soccer team consists of _____ players.

eleven

There are the _____, or the offensive players, the ______, or the defensive players, and the midfielders. The midfielders must play _______.

forwards, fullbacks, offense and defense

A ______ is a defensive maneuver in which a player attempts to take the ball away from an opposing player by _______ from the side or back of the offensive player.

slide tackle, sliding into the ball

center

player positioned near the basket; on offense, the center tries to get open so he/she can take a clear shot; the center also blocks defenders from defending offensive players, and gets rebounds; on defense, the center tries to keep opponents from shooting

forward

after the center, one of the tallest players on the team. They play under the basket; they also play in the wings and corners. On offense, they get passes, take outside shots, drive to the basket, and rebound; on defense, they prevent opponents from driving to the basket; they also rebound

guard

these players bring the ball down the court from the defensive side to the offensive side; they set up the offensive plays; they need to be able to shoot from the outside

Basketball was invented in _____ in 1891 by ______ when he fixed peach baskets to the walls of the play area

Springfield, Massachusett, James Naismith

The game gained recognition when during _____, U.S. servicemen helped spread basketball around the world by playing the game in different _____.

WWII, theaters of operation

The _______ includes 30 professional basketball teams while the ________ includes 12 professional teams.

NBA, WNBA