BIOL 005A - Cellular Respiration and Redox

UCR Spring 2025

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?

Inputs: Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 2 ADP

Outputs: Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP (2 net)

(this is all for one pyruvate but there's actually 2 total pyruvates produced from glycolysis)

What are the inputs and outputs of pyruvate oxidation/Acetyl-CoA formation?

Inputs: pyruvate, CoA, NAD+

Outputs: Acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

(per one pyruvate, there will be 2 total from glycolysis)

What are the inputs and outputs of the Citric Acid Cycle?

Inputs: Acetyl-CoA, 3 NAD+, 1 FAD+, 1 ADP + 1 Pi (phosphate group)

Outputs: 3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

(per one Acetyl-CoA, there will be 2 total from pyruvate oxidation)

What are the inputs and outputs of the Electron Transport Chain?

Inputs: NADH, FADH2, O2

Outputs: NAD+, FAD, H2O, H+ gradient

What are the inputs and outputs of oxidation phosphorylation?

Inputs: H+ gradient, ADP

Outputs: ATP

What is the difference between oxidation and reduction? What are the acronyms to help remember.

LEO - Losing Electrons Oxidation

GER - Gaining Electrons Reduction

OIL - Oxidating is Losing

RIG - Reduction is Gaining

Between the two, which is oxidized and which is reduced? Why?

NAD+ is oxidized because it loses an electron through N+ (think LEO). NADH is reduced because it gains an electron through N (think GER)

At the beginning of the payoff phase, what is fructose converted to?

Two 3C molecules which both eventually both become G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-phoshpate)