Lesson 12: Humanism

Lesson 12: Humanism - chatgpt: • Rejection of determinism and focus on personal growth • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy • Influence on modern psychology

What does Humanistic Psychology reject, and what does it emphasize?

It rejects determinism, especially the kind found in psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Instead, it emphasizes free will, personal agency, and the potential for personal growth.

What are the three key themes of Humanistic Psychology?

1. Emphasis on conscious experience.

2. Belief in free will and personal responsibility.

3. Focus on personal growth and self-actualization.

What is the "Third Force" in psychology, and why is it called that?

Humanistic Psychology is the Third Force, coming after Psychoanalysis (First) and Behaviorism (Second). It's a reaction against both and offers a more positive, holistic view of human nature.

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A motivational theory of human needs in a pyramid structure:

1. Physiological needs (food, water)

2. Safety needs

3. Love and belonging

4. Esteem needs

5. Self-actualization (achieving full potential)

What is self-actualization according to Maslow?

The highest human need, referring to realizing and fulfilling one’s potential, creativity, and purpose.

What are characteristics of self-actualized individuals, according to Maslow?

• Realistic view of the world

• Autonomy and independence

• Strong moral/ethical awareness

• Creative and problem-centered

• Deep relationships but few friends

What is a "peak experience"?

An intense moment of joy, creativity, or spiritual insight often felt by self-actualized individuals, providing a sense of meaning and unity.

What is Person-Centered Therapy (PCT)?

A non-directive therapeutic approach developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes the client’s self-healing capacity.

What are the three core conditions in Rogers' therapy?

1. Unconditional Positive Regard – Acceptance without judgment.

2. Empathy – Deep, non-judgmental understanding.

3. Congruence – Therapist is genuine and transparent.

What is the “actualizing tendency”?

Rogers’ belief that all humans have an innate drive to maintain and enhance themselves, striving toward growth and fulfillment.

What is the difference between a fully functioning person and someone with incongruence?

A fully functioning person lives in harmony with their self-concept and experiences. Incongruence occurs when there's a disconnect between self-image and actual experience, often leading to anxiety or dysfunction.

How does Humanistic Psychology differ from Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism?

• Psychoanalysis: Focus on unconscious, past trauma, determinism.

• Behaviorism: Focus on observable behavior, external reinforcement, determinism.

• Humanism: Focus on conscious experience, free will, personal growth, and holistic self.

What did Humanists criticize about Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis?

That both dehumanized individuals, reducing them to conditioned responses or unconscious drives, and ignored personal meaning and values.

How has Humanistic Psychology influenced modern psychology?

• Led to the development of Positive Psychology.

• Inspired client-centered therapy techniques used today.

• Shifted focus to strengths, resilience, and personal growth in education and counseling.

• Emphasized the importance of authenticity and empathy in relationships.

What is Positive Psychology, and how is it related to Humanism?

A modern movement that builds on Humanism’s ideas, focusing on well-being, happiness, strengths, and optimal human functioning. Inspired by Maslow and Rogers.

What is existential-humanistic psychology?

A blend of existential philosophy and humanism that addresses meaning, choice, and authenticity, influenced by thinkers like Frankl and Rollo May.

Define “Unconditional Positive Regard.”

Acceptance and love given freely and without conditions, crucial for healthy self-development.

Define “Congruence.”

When a person's self-concept is aligned with their experience. Essential for authenticity and mental health.

Define “Incongruence.”

A mismatch between an individual’s self-perception and real-life experiences, leading to anxiety or inner conflict.

Define “Self-Concept.”

A person’s perception of who they are, including values, beliefs, and self-image.

Define “Actualizing Tendency.”

The innate human drive to grow, develop, and reach one’s full potential.