Progressive Era and Populism Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering key political movements, legislation, amendments, and presidential platforms during Populism and the Progressive Era.

Social Gospel

A religious social reform movement within American Protestantism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries that urged Christians to apply the teachings of Jesus directly to social problems like poverty, slums, and child labor.

New Freedom

The political platform of Woodrow Wilson during his successful 1912 presidential campaign, which advocated breaking up trusts and monopolies to restore fair economic competition.

Triple Wall of Privilege

The central focus of Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform, targeting three areas: lowering protective tariffs, reforming the banking system, and strengthening antitrust laws.

Temperance Movement

A widespread social campaign in the United States dedicated to reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption, rooted in religious revivalism and led heavily by women's organizations like the WCTU.

Prohibition

A constitutional ban on alcoholic beverages in the United States enacted by the 18th Amendment.

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909, known as a war hero in the Spanish American war, a trustbuster, and a conservationist who created national parks.

Hepburn Act

A law supported by President Theodore Roosevelt that helped regulate unfair shipping rates charged by railroad companies.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A law utilized by President Theodore Roosevelt to break up harmful monopolies while permitting good trusts that behaved fairly.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Legislation supported by Theodore Roosevelt to improve consumer safety, leading to inspections of meatpacking plants and safer products.

Populism

A political movement in the late 19th century driven by American farmers and laborers demanding radical reforms such as nationalization of railroads, a progressive income tax, and the free coinage of silver.

Peoples Party

A political party formed in 1892 by farmers and laborers who felt exploited by powerful railroads, banks, and the political elite of the Northeast.

Muckraker

A term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt referring to influential investigative journalists and writers during the Progressive Era who exposed corporate monopolies, political corruption, and social injustices.

19th Amendment

An amendment enforced in 1920 that officially granted American women the right to vote by prohibiting federal and state governments from denying citizens the right to vote based on sex.

Elkins Act

A federal law enacted in 1903 under President Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the regulatory powers of the ICC by targeting unfair railroad practices, such as giving secret discounts to favored large-scale shippers.