repro and excretory packets

principle function of the reproductive system

produce a like organism

T/F In the male, the same duct carries urine and sperm to the outside

true

The two testes are located in the:

in the scrotum

What is the name of the tubules that produce sperm?

seminiferous tubules

Sperm contain 50% ___ chromosomes and 50% ___ chromosomes

X; Y

What is the name of the hormone produced by the testes?

testosterone

The epididymides, coiled tubes for storing and conducting sperm, are located on top of and behind each

testis

Two other tubes, one from the epididymis, connect to the ejaculatory duct. These tubes are called the:

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

A vasectomy, often performed to achieve sterility, is the cutting of the:

vas deferens (bilaterally)

Ejaculatory ducts connect the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles to the:

urethra

The function of the ejaculatory duct is to conduct ___ to the outside

sperm

The urethra extends from the urinary ___ and the ___ duct, through the ___ to the outside

bladder; ejaculatory; penis

What gland is directly beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra?

the prostate gland

What kind of fluids does the prostate gland secrete to enhance sperm mobility?

alkaline fluids

What are the vesicles that contribute nutrients to semen?

seminal vesicles

Cowper's glands make an alkaline fluid which helps protect:

sperm

Circumcision is the removal from the penis of the:

prepuce (foreskin)

Excretory organs remove ___ from blood or cells and deliver them to the ___.

wastes; outside

How many excretory organs are there in the body?

five

Which organ excretes bile pigments?

the liver

Two organs / glands that excrete urea:

kidneys and sweat glands

Which organ excretes carbon dioxide?

the lungs

Excess metals are excreted by the:

large intestine

the study of the urinary system is called:

urology

The kidneys are behind which body membrane?

peritoneum

The kidneys extend between the ___ thoracic vertebrae and the ___ lumbar vertebrae.

12th; 3rd

Which pyramid-shaped glands cap the kidneys?

the adrenal glands

What is the condition called when the kidney slips from its normal position?

floating kidney

The outer shell of the kidney is called:

the coretx

The inner structure of the kidney is called:

the medulla

The microscopic structural unit of the kidney (about 1,000,000 in each kidney) is the:

nephron

The nephrons are the ___ ___ units of the kidney

microscopic filtering

The actual filter in the kidneys is a cluster of capillary loops known as the:

glomerulus

A deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may cause what condition?

diabetes insipidus

A deficiency of the hormone aldosterone may cause:

Addison's disease

The process of urine filtration is dependent upon ___ pressure, which forces blood through glomerular capillaries.

blood pressure

During circulatory shock, the secretion of ___ may diminish or stop.

urine

What are three major functions of the kidneys?

produce urine, remove excess materials, maintain homeostasis

Ureters extend from the ___ ___ of each kidney to the rear of the ___ ___.

renal pelvis; urinary bladder

The ureters conduct ___ to the bladder

urine

The bladder is located in the front center of which body cavity?

the pelvic cavity

The bladder's normal capacity is about:

250 ml

The bladder stores and ___ urine.

expels

Which part of the nervous system controls the bladder?

the autonomic nervous system

Which nerves control retention of urine?

sympathetic nerves

Which nerves control elimination of urine?

parasympathetic nerves

The urinary meatus is the opening of the female:

urethra

The urinary meatus is located immediately in front of the:

vagina

What function does the urethra provide in the male besides transporting urine?

transporting sperm

an increased amount of urine occurs in what rather common disease?

diabetes mellitus

A temporary increase in urine volume occurs as a result of ___ drugs.

diuretic drugs

Anuria means:

no formation of urine

What does blood or bile do to the color of urine?

darkens the color

What is the average pH of urine?

6

An alkaline (higher pH) urine may indicate:

infection

Specific gravity of urine (average 1.02) increases in diabetes mellitus due to:

the presence of sugar

In some renal diseases, if the kidney has lost its concentrating power, the specific gravity of urine is:

decreased

Blood, albumin, or pus in the urine indicate:

pathology or infection