Fluid Mechanics

Subtopic of Thermofluids

Viscosity

A fluids Resistance to flow

Kinematics

Study of the Motion of Fluids

Dynamics

Study of the Forces on Fluids

1 Newton

The force required to accelerate a one-kilogram mass by one meter per second squared.

No-Slip Condition

A fluid in contact with a solid surface has zero velocity relative to that surface.

how does the no-slip condition work?

The Adhesive forces between the fluid molecules and the surface are stronger than the cohesive forces within the fluid.

Extensive

properties that depend on the amount of material in a system, such as mass or volume.

Intensive

properties that do not depend on the amount of material in a system, but location instead, such as temperature or pressure.

incompressible fluids

Fluids that maintain constant density regardless of pressure changes, allowing for simplified analysis in fluid dynamics.

compressible fluids

Fluids that change density with space or time

Stress

defined as the force per unit area acting perpendicular to a surface in a material, resulting from axial loading or pressure.

Types of Stress

Normal Stress, Tangential Stress

Gauge pressure

The pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, measured using a gauge, indicating how much pressure is above atmospheric pressure.

pressure

the force exerted per unit area on a surface. where each force point is normal to the surface and towards the interior.

Barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, consisting of a column of mercury that expands and contracts with pressure changes.

Monometer

A device used to measure the pressure of fluids by balancing the fluid against a column of liquid.

1 torr

the pressure exerted by a column of mercury that is 1 millimeter high. 1/760 atmospheres

how does buoyancy work?

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes an object's weight. It is determined by the density of the fluid and the change of pressure above vs below the object.