DNA

DNA replication is ____________________________, with each __________________ acting as a template for the synthesis of a complementary _______________

Semi-conservative, parental strand, new strand

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

A gene is a

section of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule

What is a nucleotide found in DNA?

deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

GATCCA

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. What is true?

Several different codons can specify the same amino acid

A protein is being assembled when

RNA is being translated

Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?

messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

What happens during translation?

The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins

Name the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA

transcription

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with

one new strand and one original strand

How many nucleotides are needed for one amino acid?

3

Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by

producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays

Chargaff’s rule

the amount of adenine is equal to thymine and the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine

In eukaryotes, where is transcription and translation?

Transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm

Unlike DNA, RNA contains the base

uracil

What bonds strands?

ligase

How many strands does RNA have?

one

Watson and Crick proposed that the DNA strands

run in opposite directions

nucleotides have

deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

helicase

unzipping enzyme

polymerase

builds new strands

primase

makes primer (RNA)

ligase

glues DNA fragments

Which is the leading strand?

‘5 to ‘3

In lagging strands there are _____ fragments

Okazaki

where does replication occur in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

Where does replication occur in a prokaryotic cell?

cytoplasm

do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have multiple origins?

eukaryotes

SSB proteins

keep the strands separate

does transcription or translation come first?

transcription

what happens during transcription?

mRNA is created

where does transcription occur?

nucleus

What binds DNA and RNA?

RNA polymerase

What is created from the binding of DNA and RNA?

mRNA

Where does the mRNA go?

ribosome to make protein

What are ribosomes made of?

rRNA

what happens during translation?

the ribosome makes the protein

tRNA carries ____ ____

amino acids- brings them to the ribosome

What does mRNA do in the ribosome?

direct what comes in

tRNA reads in a ____

codon

what base is in RNA but not DNA?

uracil

codons are on the _____ and anticodons are on the _____

mRNA, tRNA