Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues and Osteoporosis

Flashcards covering essential nutrients for healthy tissues and their roles in conditions like osteoporosis.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Iron deficiency anemia

A type of anemia caused by insufficient iron, leading to reduced hemoglobin.

Pernicious Anemia

A type of anemia resulting from the inability to absorb vitamin B12, often due to lack of intrinsic factor.

Trabecular bone

Spongy bone found at the end of long bones and in the interior of other bones, having a network-like structure.

Cortical bone

Dense outer surface of bone that forms the outer layer of bones.

Parathyroid Hormone

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels.

Osteoblast

A cell that produces the bone matrix and is involved in bone formation.

Osteoclast

A cell that breaks down bone tissue.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that are part of the immune system.

Platelets

Cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood that holds cells in suspension.

Heme iron

A type of dietary iron that is better absorbed and found in animal products.

Non-Heme iron

A type of dietary iron that is not as well absorbed and is found in plant foods.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Myoglobin

A protein found in muscle cells that binds oxygen.

Hemochromatosis

A genetic disorder causing excessive iron absorption and storage.

Vitamin B12

A water-soluble vitamin essential for red blood cell production and neurological function.

Folate (Folic Acid)

A B-vitamin important for cell division and the production of DNA.

Calcium

A mineral essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.

Vitamin K

A fat-soluble vitamin crucial for blood clotting and bone metabolism.

Vitamin D

A fat-soluble vitamin important for calcium absorption and bone health.

Phosphorus

A mineral that is critical for bone health and energy production.

Magnesium

A mineral involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function.

Fluoride

A trace mineral important for maintaining dental health and preventing cavities.

Rickets

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency in children, leading to weak and soft bones.