Chapter 15: Christianity and formation of Europe

Christianity

Belief in Savior, Romans persecuted Christians. Eventually was made legal but before that caused tensions

Necropolis

City of the dead-underground vault for depositing the dead. Christians used them as secret worship place

Constantine

Roma Emperor who converted to christianity, organized by consul of Nicea and moved capital of Rome to Empire to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople

Constantinople

new roman captial in by

Constantine the great

built for Roman basilica, 30 ft tall sculpture of him only head remains

Church of the holy sepulchre

built by Constantine, became the holiest place in christendom claiming to

Basilica

christian churches, come from Roman word for multi-purpose meeting building

Apse

curved section at end of nave

nave

open center

aisles

run along sides of nave

clerestory

upward extension of nave

Transept

lengthwise section between nave and apse

atrium

open courtyard in front of the entrance

narthex

walkway in front of church

Byzantine art

came with the move of the Roman Capital-combination of roman and middle eastern culture
-religious themed -elongated-abstract figures -

Icon

(byzantine) painting on wood panels-religious themed and often used in church and homes for religious/ worsh

Iconoclasm

period of time lasting a 100 years when using art for worship was questioned. Artist were banned from creating

Middle ages

AD 476-800 began when western rome empire and ended with Charlem

Early Middle Ages

repeated invasions of R
ome by anglo-saxons, gauls, and vandals

Charlemagne

Fran or Gaul (French) conquered all of the western europe and crowned Holy Roman emperor by pope (ad 800)

High Middle Ages

art and architecture improved artists flocked to the west because of iconoclasm, many converted to Christianity, pilgrimages

Romanesque

Roman-like with thick stone walls in order to hold weight of barrel vault, blo

Ambulatory

aisle walkway surrounding

choir

area added to front of the apse to create a church within the chir

Gothic

fixed problems with roman

Chartres Cathedral

France 1134-1260- half gothic and half Romanesque

Pre-renaissance

a few artist help push the styles toward more realistic renaissance style

Bayeux Tapestry

wool embroidery on linen, depicts story of the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066 (20"x231ft)