Art History Final

Jacques-Louis David, 1784-1785

Jacques-Louis David, 1784-1785

Oath of the Horatii

Large Odalisque

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1814

In the Loge

Mary Cassatt, 1878

The Banjo Lesson

Henry Ossawa Tanner, 1893

Starry Night

Vincent Van Gogh, 1889

Doors for the King's Palace

Olowe of Ise, Yoruba, 1900

Portrait of Madame Matisse

Henry Matisse, 1905

Les Desmoiselles D'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon

Pablo Picasso, 1907

Guitar

Pablo Picasso, 1914

Migration Series, Panel no. 49

Jacob Lawrence, 1940-41

American Gothic

Grant Wood, 1930

Orange and Yellow

Mark Rothko, 1956

Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera

Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1717

Salon de la Princesse

Germaine Boffrand, Paris, 1735-39

Third of May, 1808

Francisco de Goya, 1814-1815

The Hawayin

John Constable, 1821

Boulevard du Temple

Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, 1839, Daguerrotype

The Stone Breakers

Gustave Courbet, 1849

The Gross Clinic

Thomas Eakins, 1875

Le Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass)

Edouard Manet, 1863

Moulin de la Galette

Pierre August Renoir, 1876

Summer's Day

Berthe Morisot, 1879

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

Georges Seurat, 1884-86

Nkisi Nkondi

Kongo artist, before 1878

Reliquary Guardian

Kota artist, before 1880

Bottle of Banyuls

Juan Gris, 1914

Composition VI

Wassily Kandinsky, 1913

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Boccioni, 1913

Nude Descending a Staircase

Marcel Duchamp, 1912

Fountain

Marcel Duchamp, 1917

Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dad Through the last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany

Hanna Hoch, 1919

Object (Fur Cup)

Meret Oppenheim, 1936

Fallingwater

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935-38

Aspects of Negro Life: An Idyll of the Deep South

Aaron Douglas, 1934

Cubi XVIII

David Smith, 1964

Salon

an official French exhibition of art held anually or biannualy, sponsored by the government through the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture from 1667 to 1881

The Enlightenment

a philosophical movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries that rejected traditional, religious authority in favor of rational and scientific thinking in human life

Rococo

extended Baroque, connected to the elitist, wasteful, and exploitative lifestyle embraced by the ancien regime (ruling political system before the French Rev)

heirarchy of genres

academic system of ranking genres of paintings, including history, portraiture, genre, landscape, and still life, in descending order, according to their percieved level of intellectualism and difficulty

fete-galante

paintings that depict the dalliances of leisured people, usually in outdoor settings. Created by Watteau

Grand Tour

trip throughout Europe, especially to Italy, to study language, art and culture, and was considered a standard accompaniment to a Classical education

veduta

Italian for "view", a genre of painting or prints that depicts a highly detailed view of a cityscape, place, or other vista.

Sublime

first used in the 18th century, connected with experiences of grandeur, vastness, or power that inspires Awe, Terror, or other Strong Emotions

Orientalism

refers to European cultures conceiving of North African, West Asian, and Asian cultures in stereotyped ways, attributing eiher romanticized or negative qualities to them

Odalisque

French term for harem women

Western

term used in the modern era to claim shared civilization and institutions originating in Europe among predominately white people, extended to North America and others marked by European colonization

Haussmannization

the rennovation of Paris through a public works program commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III

avant-garde

emphasis in modern art on artistic innovation, challenging accepted values, traditions, and techniques

camera obscura

precursor to the modern camera, a light-proof box with a small hold in one side where an inverted image of the world is projected to an opposite wall

heliography

photographic process producing a photoengraving on a metal plate

daguerreotype

photograph fixed on a silver-coated copper plate, cased under glass. Very widely used from early 1840s to late 1850s

wet-plate process (collodion)

photographic process using a glass plate coated with (sticky) collodion, mixed with light-sensitive chemicals. Requires materials to still be wet while used

modernity

to characterize the condition of transience and newness, a self-conscious awareness that the present is different from the past, and that newness should be embraced

Salon des Refuses

an exhibition in Paris in 1863 created to show work rejected that ear from the official Salon. Undermined the French Academy's monopoly over public access to art

en plein air

painting outdoors

Japonisme

objects and images characterized by European taste and ideas about Japan

Divisionism/pointilism

painting method that formed the basis for Neo-impressionism, following color theory of the era, applying contrasting dabs of color side by side to be percieved as one color

impasto

the texture produced by paint applied very thickly

The Berlin Conference

assigned African territories to European powers

nkisi nkonde

a nkisi is a sculpted or natural object that were seen as providing sanctuary for ancestral spirits. a nkisi nkonda is a nkisi whose powers are thought to be activated when it was pierced by iron blades or nails

reliquary

a container of relics (items associated with a deceased sacred individual) which is often elaborately decorated

appropriation

Postmodernists argued that originality was an unachievable goal in a world overloaded with imagery

collage

Dadaists adopted assemblage and collage, originally introduced by the Cubists, but extended by using more mass-produced objects and mass-media images as readymade art materials, and used strong political messages

assemblage

a three-dimensional work of art constructed from pieces

primitivism

held to a construct of western civilization, and defined Indigenous arts in contrast. Assumed a timeless aspect to non-industrialized cultures

readymade

a term coined by Duchamp to describe a pre-existing, mass-produced object given a new context and treated as a work of art (sketches on the Mona Lisa postcard)

photomontage

composition made using pieces of photographs, sometimes combined with other 2D elements, pasted into new configurations

biomorphic

forms in abstract art characterized by free-flowing curves, echoing organic rather than geometric shapes.

cantilevering

usage of a projecting horizontal beam, girder, or platform, anchored at only one end an extending out into space. used to support many kinds of structures

Harlem Renaissance

dynamic period in Black culture and art in the 1920s and 1930s with Harlem as a primary center

color Field Painting

tendency within Abstract Expressionism, which avoided visible brushstrokes and other traces of the artist's hand, while sharing the interest in large-scale canvases and abstraction

formalism

method of interpreting/evaluating art that concentrates on the form rather than subject matter or the artist

allover composition

Pollock's innovative approach- areas of the painting are treated differently, but no area is more important than another, and there are no shapes to demand attention or differentiate one area from another

Grand Manner

a style that incorporates visual references to ancient and Renaissance art and culture to lend an air of nobility and timelessness to modern subjects.

Romanticism

movement from the late 18th through mid-19th centuries in European culture, concerned with the power of the imagination, and valuing intense feelings

Neoclassicism

a style of art and architecture that emerged during the 18th century in Europe and Americas, inspired by Classical examples, and characterized by order, summetry, and restraint

Realism

specific movement that began in 1840s France among artists that wanted to represent everyday social reality

Impressionism

style of painting developed by artistis in Paris beginning in the late 1860s

Neo- (Post) Impressionism

refers not to a movement, but to a shared aesthetic attitude, that an artist should develop novel ideas and techniques that move beyond both Academic convention and impressionism

Regionalism

art that expressed a sense of place while avoiding Modernist abstraction in favor of diverse styles of realism. Also known as American Scene paintings, were typically figurative and narrative images of small-town and rural life

Abstract Expressionism

style of art originating in the US after WWII where artists rejected representation in favor of the gestural residue of paint dripped, splashed, and applied in other unorthodox ways

Bauhaus

founded in 1919 by German architect Walter Gropius, a school of art, architecture, and design. Said that art would improve society if integrated into everyday life, into the social spaces where people live and work. Aimed for collaboration among different disciplines and accross levels

Fauvism

emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over representational or realistic values

Cubism (Analytic/Synthetic)

style of art where people, places, and things are simplified into flat, geometric shapes, often seen from multiple points of view. Analytic cubism was the first phase, using small overlapping planes with a minimum of color. Synthetic cubism was a later phase, the building up of images from preexisting abstract shapes, increased use of color, and little to no depth

German Expressionism (The Bridge/The Blue Rider)

Consisted of several creative movements before WWI, and included mysticism and clashing colors

Futurism

art movement founded in 1909 in Italy that emphasized modernity, speed, technology, and the power of machines

Dada

an informal and international movement that arose during WWI; rebellion against established standards in art and what they concered morally bankrupt European culture. Nihilism.

New Negro Movement

new appreciation for African cultural legacies, voice to common history and cultural identity

Surrealism

began as a literary movement, wanted to express the psychic states and operations of the unconscious, unrestricted by societal or artistic restraints. Was optimistic, misogynistic, and organized

De Stijl

"The Style", a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 .Consisted of artists and architects. Embrased abstract, basic aesthetic with elements like geometric forms and primary colors.

The Prairie School

late 19th and early 20th century architectural style, most common in the Midwestern US. Marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging areas, integration with the landscape.

Neo-Dada

Never an organized movement. Art created by America-based artists in the postwar period, mixing materials and media and embracing popular culture. Revived practices of Dada including collage and found objects.