Chapter 09 — Crafting Elegant Code with Stacks and Queues

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Last updated 7:51 PM on 7/29/26
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35 Terms

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Stack
A restricted data structure where the last item added is the first item removed
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Stack memory trick
Like a stack of plates or dishes
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LIFO
Last In, First Out; the rule followed by stacks
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Top of stack
The only place where stack items can be added, removed, or read
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Push
Add an item to the top of a stack
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Pop
Remove the item from the top of a stack
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Read from stack
Look at the top item without removing it
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Stack restriction
You can only push, pop, or read from the top
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Why stacks are useful
They handle temporary data in reverse order
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Undo feature
A stack use case where the most recent action is reversed first
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Stack as an abstract data type
A stack describes LIFO behavior without requiring one specific implementation
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Abstract data type
A data structure concept that defines behavior, not the exact internal implementation
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Stack implementation
A stack can be built using an array and methods like push, pop, and read
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Why ADTs matter
They let programmers focus on rules and behavior instead of internal details
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Linter
A program that checks code for syntax issues
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Stack linter use case
A stack can check whether braces match correctly
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Opening brace in linter
Push it onto the stack
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Closing brace in linter
Pop the top opening brace and check whether it matches
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Linter error type 1
An opening brace does not have a matching closing brace
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Linter error type 2
A closing brace appears without a matching opening brace
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Linter error type 3
A closing brace does not match the most recent opening brace
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Queue
A restricted data structure where the first item added is the first item removed
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Queue memory trick
Like a line at a bank
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FIFO
First In, First Out; the rule followed by queues
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Enqueue
Add an item to the end of a queue
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Dequeue
Remove the item from the front of a queue
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Read from queue
Look at the front item without removing it
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Queue restriction
New items enter at the end, and old items leave from the front
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Why queues are useful
They handle temporary data in the order it arrived
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Printer queue
A queue use case where the first document sent is printed first
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Call center queue
A queue use case where the first caller waiting is helped first
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Asynchronous request handling
A queue use case where requests are processed in order
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Stack vs queue
Stacks process newest items first, while queues process oldest items first
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Reverse string with stack
Push each character, then pop characters to reverse their order
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Main lesson of Chapter 09
Stacks and queues use restrictions to make temporary-data algorithms cleaner and easier to mana