Ch. 39 Infection/Inflammatory Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

Enthesis

the point where tendons and ligaments join the bone around a joint (primary site of inflammation for ankylosing spondylitis)

Haversian and Volkmann Canals

bacteria invade bone cortex via these systems located beneath the periosteum

Contiguous spread

occurs by invasion of microorganism via puncture/wound to musculoskeletal system (best exemplified by S. aureus)

Hematogenous spread

occurs when bacteria from body tissue spread via bloodstream to musculoskeletal system (best exemplified by Group A streptococci or Streptococcus pneumoniae)

Clostridiuim perfringens

bacteria that causes chronic osteomyelitis; thrives on necrotic tissue, secretes toxins, emits gas, causes gas gangrene

Vertebral tuberculosis (TB)

Infection of vertebrae (called tuberculous spondylitis or Pott's disease). Pott's disease is a combo of osteomyelitis and arthritis and usually involves more than one vertebrae. Impression of spinal nerve causes pain.

Erythema migrans (EM)

bull's eye rash at site of tick bite (early localized Lyme disease)

Borrelia burgdorferi

spirochete infection that can result in lymphocytic meningitis (neck pain and intense headache), cranial neuritis (paralysis of facial nerves), carditis (various degrees of reversible heart block, myocarditis, or pericarditis), and ocular involvement (visual changes or unilateral blindness). (early disseminated Lyme disease)

Polyradiculopathy

neural inflammation (late disseminated Lyme disease)

Hyperuricemia

elevated uric acid in the blood and synovial fluid (cause of gouty arthritis)

Secondary Gout

attributed to disorders: myeloproliferative (abnormal growth of bone marrow cells) or lymphoproliferative disease (abnormal production of WBCs), neoplastic disease, glycogen storage disease, psoriasis, and sarcoidosis.

Tophi

crystals deposited in subcutaneous tissue, resulting in the formation of small, white nodules (symptom of gouty arthritis)

Podagra

acute inflammation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe (symptom of gouty arthritis)

Polymyositis

inflammation of multiple muscle groups in the body.

Dermatomyositis

the inflammation of muscle with involvement of the skin.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

initial inflammation of ankylosing spondylitis resulting from activation of the body's immune system by bacterial infection

Temporal arteritis

giant cell arteritis (associated with Polymyalgia Rheumatica)

Boutonniere deformity of fingers

ulnar deviation of metacarpal bones

Bell's palsy

sudden weakness of muscles on one side of face (symptom of Lyme disease)