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19 Terms
1
Electricity
The phenomenon caused by the presence or movement of electrically charged particles which exert an electrical force.
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2
Electrostatics
A division of electricity characterized by the accumulation of charged particles on the surface of a substance.
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3
Electrodynamics
A division of electricity characterized by the flow of electrons through a conductor.
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4
Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus and electrons surrounding it.
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5
Electric Charge (q)
A fundamental property of matter, carried by subatomic particles, classified as positive or negative.
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6
Coulomb (C)
The unit of electric charge.
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7
Proton
A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
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8
Electron
A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
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9
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no electric charge that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
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10
Elementary Charge (e)
The smallest unit of electric charge, approximately 1.6 × 10−19 C.
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11
Conductors
Materials that allow the transfer of electrons freely from one object to another.
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12
Insulators
Materials that do not allow the transfer of electrons.
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13
Charging by Conduction
A charging mechanism where two in-contact objects allow movement of charged particles from one object to another.
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14
Charging by Friction
A charging mechanism where electrons are rubbed from one object to another.
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15
Charging by Induction
A complex charging mechanism where a charged object is brought close to a neutral object, causing the latter to become charged.
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16
Law of Conservation of Charges
States that the sum of electric charges in any closed system is conserved.
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17
Coulomb’s Law
States that the electric force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantities of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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18
Electric Force
The push or pull exerted upon an object due to interactions with another charged object.
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19
Conversion of Charge
Conversion factors for electric charge: 1 mC = 1 × 10−3 C, 1 µC = 1 × 10−6 C, 1 nC = 1 × 10−9 C, 1 pC = 1 × 10−12 C.
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