Volcanoes and Earthquakes Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to volcanoes, earthquakes, and geological processes, based on lecture notes.

Magma

A molten rock material found beneath the Earth's surface.

Lava

Magma that reaches the Earth's surface through a volcano.

Explosivity

The potential of a volcano to erupt violently.

Plate Tectonics

The scientific theory describing the large-scale movements of Earth's lithosphere.

Bowen's Reaction Series

A concept in geology that describes the sequence of mineral crystallization from cooling magma.

Seismic Waves

Waves of energy that travel through the Earth, often as a result of earthquakes.

Richter Magnitude Scale

A logarithmic scale used to quantify the amount of energy released by an earthquake.

Mercalli Intensity Scale

A scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake based on its observed effects.

Love Waves

A type of surface seismic wave that causes horizontal shifting.

Rayleigh Waves

A type of surface seismic wave that causes both vertical and horizontal ground movement.

Aquifers

Underground layers of water-bearing rock that can supply water to wells.

Tsunami

A large oceanic wave caused by tectonic activity, usually after underwater earthquakes.

Porosity

The measure of how much empty space or voids are present in a material.

Permeability

The ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through it.

Folding

The bending of rock layers due to stress.

Ablation

The process of losing ice or snow due to melting or sublimation.

Deflation

Erosion by wind that removes loose, fine-grained particles.

Glacier

A large mass of ice moving slowly down a slope or valley.